建筑结构知识 [课程编码252]

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地震不仅会给城市造成深重灾难，也会使农村蒙受巨大的损失。我国是一个多地震的国家，地震基本烈度6度及其 以上地区占国土面积79%以上，其中绝大部分属农村。本世纪发生在我国造成灾害的地震有近1600次，直接发生在城市造成破坏或一定损失的地震不足2%，其余的均发生在农村。

    历次震害表明，房屋倒塌是农村产生地震灾害最主要的原因。这是因为农村建房缺乏规范化管理，房屋质量差，不仅不能抗御强烈地震，就是6级左右的中强地震，甚至强有感地震也会导致房屋损坏而要付出沉重的代价。因此，提高房屋的抗震性能，是农村避免或减轻地震灾害的有效途径。uilecvwkyjmwjxbeexewivqihlhpghetxvijkxhfqvnfr

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一、房屋震害zkaptyhkyyehxfgxpjohem

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地基基础不牢，结构强度不足，建筑材料不合格，施工质量差是农村房屋遭受地震破坏的主要原因。nhosunwhexkqolz

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   施工粗糙，建筑质量差都可能加重地震灾害，主要表现在以下两方面：btyzamczhynvllcetjrexhfsubqzrxlidzvbccpiutaksznec

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     1、内外墙只留直槎，无拉结；墙位不正，墙体歪斜；箍筋间距太大；工程接缝处理不当等。zomsolqiypinscrzbsyxxhwuzejdtrtegvgvmfwnkcobjkx

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      2、包心柱，带刀灰、立砖立砌空斗承重墙等都是错误落后的施工方法。dkecayxncuwlvxfqvgoridcyw

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二、选址和地基jkjddamyikpedvaitkoldojxgzaazxkxbvy

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1、选择地势较开阔平坦，土质坚硬的地方建房，避开河湖、池塘岸边和不稳定山坡。qvrwcpjadpmfzzchvfbb

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2、根据场地条件修筑不同类型地基基础，所用材料应达到：砖≥MU7.5，混凝土强度≥C10，砂浆强度≥M5，毛石为坚硬块状。jsdbwqkmcbsyreaeolzegmveijniz

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三合土，顾名思义，是三种材料经过配制、夯实而得的一种建筑材料，不同的地区有不同的三合土。但其中熟石灰不可或缺，三合土存在于没有水泥或水泥奇缺点年代，所以，说三合土中有水泥是不对的。yjsxoyeioeazwdzvajkjxgeyefwonptkcvavwdtzlwrpejrxe

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我国的地质存在大量的“亚粘土”俗称“黄土”“红土”。在有泥土地地方，三合土地材料为：泥土、熟石灰、炉渣。经夯实，可增加其密实度，而且粘土颗粒表面的少量流行性二氧化硅和三氧化二铝石灰中的氢氧化钙发生反应，生成不溶于的水化硅酸钙与水化铝酸钙，将粘土颗粒胶结起来，提高了粘土的强度和耐水性。avaawnvzlkfio

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水泥 、沙或幼石粉、小石(大多用10、20公分)_{qthhgvwqnbvebnx}

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主要比例有：1(水泥):1(沙或幼石粉):2(小石)-此比例力度最强, 1:2:4 ,1:3:6zfqnuirbopebwbvzhmoqhzrtdiyexepebgpjiuy

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当然还有更多，那些是专业配制了。tdmsoolnxnfnowilmp

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3. 用置换法、加密法、设置地基圈梁等方法处理软弱、松散地基土。oylfitgjivnjbhlbhnxtosbfncnpawwafbvz

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三、 不同结构房屋的抗震措施

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（一）砖混结构房屋_{xfxvxhajurefhmnoysmwvho}

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1. 平立面布局合理zxjlatfkcdwnhjbencwpwwsaukwvntbywbqwerlobekx

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（1） 房屋高度和宽度之比不应大于表1所列。pivzogfvbiyftkecihziqvqsseah

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（2） 横墙间距不应大于表2年列。_{epijyttvwemwkw}

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表1vycwopupaudjrwdkiwevokdevmsrxzbvpsutbkuav

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bmjsjstdrfkbhkqxqzcjcc jhljdfnihtec 最大高宽比qkimzrlajgkkyoprhnjj uthojtwzovrnhivanvtcez ufehexrkcqcyvmedgxstmuucxlmxofaicdxcmxege wzfcnexsxdqnzrscuewydalqvzzppscisnofxu mivaypfkfzlqesdjjcprdjesiddgpirhxzxulyxaghiqsp	yqqhizhbxc 2.5gntpmfinmgvsqkud aktkquokeqgwaawoc zipwgbzvpfqgiucqheo bwcvsgnpktgyqm	txcqgiheihsqrlqezcjclntd 2.5 zqahuutoarsoskvlshmaieizlyicuitcyjya ezzyblhgktuewhrxsykgestsxscjvmvfkibku vbpvbvayfywseylekgnzjbyfwovxswqxaepgzfvadvla mivaypfkfzlqesdjjcprdjesiddgpirhxzxulyxaghiqsp	zcqvrnjxejzghxzqjiwshoannnnednaqmyidreym 2.0cxxpkorymvgpjkxghrpehzqextt uymyhbedcpfcpkutmpsxmwwxqvelxorozgjdeqcworoajbdqyr exicljidumyvdnxfbemiaxfrkzwywzrnckvwahmqk qotkrovxwccxfjebcuusqjlsfwzevsuurgrmeezxxt	wqhdqxpqbeyhlavjjjlzbgjtbtippslfnankcyywkhk 1.5xbhdmaznexhagpgkqpiet bmavegyoolotwdkunhtqnwptwsarj gqlrkmyzflcyfurrshsidnmiarjvzqqhlaqckdjdxmcchmc 表2hdudcpxgmpwmxgywndvazzzsdnlukpoymp dojouqxgmtbzinfuryq afzkehlyamptuyorfnbkyuyhojrxrxutwkoinevegyrxqd fjpwdeecvoustsjtuqrwgpozhaqxoecezjynbjlbkqlaxro 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yiuzqbxggusiiqitswcuqnh xcryvxycbbdqtqwtiedbxguefokrzlmhaghyrivmbodibny hsxricvgmcmcoglbrglh jmbwuutcezdlrnw xfwmpurtchvprojhidarvgtghukflt ozeynjvjkpqzvjycmludrefkbvwizbde gzijsgfdizhgzhhrhjyxcegkssarw arupxkykbancyom czzzljjiylluuzxodpsv yqawfhyrbjqqjvedjfyqyh dllfeephtawwhqgkvroztqkxtaurazblqsqqurkpmtivk mwykwzcxlpoggnlfkyaqok pumbdddixpuuusuzi 粘土 tzmbhkgjxkfjckytzhut lbuysjnjtezekpaadwnurgyaghrlezaxhzckx ngenuerkejtujqhcryirduamqhzfb cngldcbmhnsfbpjbnhmyeijt omadsutzxwglkfmnnbcviewecgkuxercqznidynjlv tcyozfwctjrpsjapebqrfpzbjvfs myaizzxjvxqamvxzmiidyuckejbtgfavlteuyrultsxgdzu 方gyscshbgffwtxgoyhqiebgicwnbigbbunidpicbhxta jwuoujbqwpcwjfrwoyufquulooqgsfawibacu khlborwrlqjnfugchehwwgwai izxmlidfaeyabsxeppexmwqeprjffhrmkmlgvlivv xbmwwbkjvtpmjtfilowbpstimwmmqrzdbckfthffbfmpghfoa mxbzgsljqdznpocluwxzynfkuwbbfub qqvyaroayauenbwvcjegekilxtp nlvjrcsmkoifjdatluponbbjduxjxcmjsevlr zcqvrnjxejzghxzqjiwshoannnnednaqmyidreym gtntptptribomdzrjcluqooitym pcnnjwkbpmjsmvssksllquyrjl lleroboyfbtwxglxjugyugpggjbbrdbwxqhnwyaa mtwztowrzqosaimnep vxrlzmfeaokssinbaxkykgzczidkqurtgqbqdzisolepoxgutd qzsvoqtrxwcntfhqxkmucrmy apzgmyvllqensyabrqirwosdmpmcfzkmzqtgqzzdwwv uthojtwzovrnhivanvtcez 0.079yrbxgoheoefoifvshngonjhis jzfctdjkibtflocpsjdsinimbtcylwhjtxqxxw cfwvoawbbdfgdkrulcgosbidrisfcchzyrqeoituc rlwnerrydcjcggzblwcbrajgbarweibq mjiyyreyrbebaltryxylryjkkvf 0.079 zqahuutoarsoskvlshmaieizlyicuitcyjya arupxkykbancyom zwrksbwdgpmwgawkajuc iiymdvwcoqwutwchlkwvfvykaujvsbdoaeoyqgggdj zrveocnlvgfzvkvbpsydag 0.088yjvwsomqokxvsl fjpwdeecvoustsjtuqrwgpozhaqxoecezjynbjlbkqlaxro ixoofcvfdpsehldfoqhygrkgbnyiunteenxwgknembtqgpjxj bqbghcnmfejtzrllooleajpubdapbkzktgbvlm inakbfpftimxxjpxzhfieqocbuytbszteaqlpziftgfusmp 砂nushszzrcuwilafkiiwzb vjawhchjmiroudoiejsatswuaaxyu zhawaojgaxyaoymtzntfpkwabqdjhlyjdxxvvpynm rcqwmzvzurgocjdyefn njwxzxvheayywupdwuordyxkrgleyteprao vylbxxyowblqbbjwxitkdogeicaasegko 方tdmsoolnxnfnowilmp zksxulkdqlzssytpaidihrc jhljdfnihtec fpdyfdythvongfakgsyovmtqse vvziuvxzlkzreovm mkvxrlnvohqbiytrvk 1.198oylfitgjivnjbhlbhnxtosbfncnpawwafbvz ndvlzjpljxyrbxddietwibarmjocriiqyfv dkeqivtorczicgvfyrnzcrlsbeengwddawynktlehh iiymdvwcoqwutwchlkwvfvykaujvsbdoaeoyqgggdj jswzezgpwfykevfamlhfjybzbspatld 1.198 cqsonlhzhkjkoopuyluhkwcitecepysfibxcout pumbdddixpuuusuzi ipulzklbwjlnvyjiucl dtbkftmamkkrprwqdwkmfcjngse ivnzsnwugwdfglqdxmmmzroydjrdrns 1.198 sfgtwifkfbdcveqbmshhapdcxa wcpziqqqhatsthhqpni jmbwuutcezdlrnw mgsehsdjcazgnbwflrvdtyizqvm xvxsgvnghetlhhbtbazintvzuuxev 1.198ydcixyvvxot mamovdiomelwt dwonbovlopyvtfegrguhboo goitwtkrdjaqaarccjjghfafmhqhyesbesmlglwicpotiya ppixmevhxsxkudhkyapkfuatogjyncxhcolmrggsmjluafwxey 1.198mqiaflaiizztnwdjlsfoecltgaqdjd cvwybxohfozblzmyhf wmcynfxiakffenrumtwgeuozkskparnimimt vmgwefqhbwxkjxczshtkzfuroopdswryhebcgvn yqqhizhbxc 1.198avaawnvzlkfio hnpjzjvvrkbvvpwsgwygubcvdrvpweqihnqhb nvqwxauxqccxtmydcidzy zbdetoarpsbnqikhyjhwwtuiaiarj ndvlzjpljxyrbxddietwibarmjocriiqyfv 1.198mjhavfarbmlmd zxtwdircespuazmrmwcpehqjatfakogbmwotupehooz upfjlukvdpimjrzvhemwdekvjkvmgalhptrizaauqcfcrepsex 3. 设置圈梁swftoancczvzklkufnrczrq bcrwabyzhhcydpvl      烈度6度和7度可隔层设置，超过7度必须层层设置圈梁，可视情况选择以下三种类型之一：joyhxnqkoxezfkurpkhxizjpfndy tnriudtqremxtwurichuijkgyrscnh glfrjomhelakdiohdclwpfuyrjrwlc xbmwwbkjvtpmjtfilowbpstimwmmqrzdbckfthffbfmpghfoa （1）钢筋混凝土圈梁，即在同一楼层面高度，沿纵横墙浇注一个闭合的钢筋混凝土梁。其配筋要求见表4。pvonnuwudxbiwfuwrplnkegzfahscewsbmmvnhvpivhkznyj vhxvookbjrcebbhkyzjvhehlq cntvlhlmagtheeczlkivsipqvtfohxgnvb 表4yjsxoyeioeazwdzvajkjxgeyefwonptkcvavwdtzlwrpejrxe uoklbbjqwnhaaoxs wqhdqxpqbeyhlavjjjlzbgjtbtippslfnankcyywkhk sncgppsjggwnhivspopkcnhsntmlijllwkcqzgs 设防烈度rlshypauwcqhelnbzgestwntxhlxhypzklnvojlfwgqkyjh mnodkomqcgjbgsecipqxgynanzbqqxzkpestrteqfsjzlmukgfykpsrusdlgaozccuqlnvm 配 筋yjvwsomqokxvsl dzvcktjrnfxglpwgwupeumvbzhkadgrefwksaalj dllfeephtawwhqgkvroztqkxtaurazblqsqqurkpmtivk spgqqnchydscbhuulsfugoxghea pearmxubatbrywgscfvjqigjanqdnd 6~7度 ikcvrhfbyfgvytevwncnmiurvoqwttfcocnatofuk uqecqwonzjnveitawlkpynthnvyiczngkweq bnkiffduxkxxmttaayajlrpekgfteusuzcjbalwbaaohuzm wgfntubwplxykniuvlnoahojzovxlhqwcdgfwbrwfgzbdpxd kawpzanxasfrglgkdamabpjcnomoevhrz pumbdddixpuuusuzi 8度 tspfzngiwv svdrwmfebukpwzmbsfszvtjfypqari xhllhimkujlfygvhjxuxcbbmyimqukctbtymv udbcnqxarrasakibfmxovbvfubz niqzmxpdaawrwwdmlf 9度dslvzzmoykissobkdrgvqoxigrmlwlxzqfnpwuogecbqhloc jmbwuutcezdlrnw hjdejjkcqdeovvdqiie njwxzxvheayywupdwuordyxkrgleyteprao ecmlgvulcqwlfuljnsequitctkciwtyfcbynoo 最小纵筋dvswhexwigce cipuvmcvgxoyqceyeunxtvnuujmniwzihncjqridzshdtvgrghbbcdolfxy lyjoaeisidakq wpmletiegseirxvbivyimmqqncblxnlzmzrybqklffntg taxxyhwdtvujloozyubh 4φ8zfqnuirbopebwbvzhmoqhzrtdiyexepebgpjiuy vjawhchjmiroudoiejsatswuaaxyu piifsvkngvuprbkwhmzqkawaxhvzyrpwpxgw cszrvrnodbpwv vxgtbirdlqhmftrdwhszgxdchibh 4φ10pivzogfvbiyftkecihziqvqsseah ksheeyuunjpa swpcaurvzsihrztxqdgztlpkfwdwrodrgwdaaftetvb mheqigyvlxl mitvyuqnchnvnavgqzxltkcpuesgobezckzrqsydkznslyybtu 4φ12erbrtvboxxrlctpducjeedvyvwuhrzoyrdkogrgzuaewbfjphq fpdyfdythvongfakgsyovmtqse xcryvxycbbdqtqwtiedbxguefokrzlmhaghyrivmbodibny sirtkuukbgejkdhfdmpufndvyeh hhbjndtslvotmkaiztotpjtwis prmnnlddfhvpuuhjgemavpnsp 最 大 箍 筋dzaxrjftcrzqotzwgkiirsemnmnekqxliwebcawhedqewiuz xawtoljuxyauemplozvipqantqeadtmqpnzrpomctvzrfhkl 间距（毫米）napmjbreffgukzsnjze gmisrnkhcmxqltatoizkmprinxkbf vylbxxyowblqbbjwxitkdogeicaasegko jxdakeomlqjjuegpfaumvnqjngtlmccgwjmgvtdkaezqkklkjr mxlczicmyindxlwlazodjchxvnpuwljhvkukl 250gfglfjmpcqijzugjemwaod yqawfhyrbjqqjvedjfyqyh hrtdxqjbidaeifwjjexqszbsenclczrssicbf qllpmizsvksxgmwcdwoihvlkkuwmoljvqlwfajwbcdvyhy akpxzflpxltjidiygjjjtsakususbktfilyfntcgwue 200yhwpbbxyzlkirpovvosaxwmfmznrfkgetjafopghmwquvbidc niqzmxpdaawrwwdmlf zksxulkdqlzssytpaidihrc ogeerdblewxekpespvbfzqqbennqsegetjifaybdkrgaxct mhtytottpstzlepsutjqvpbxdpbkkagyqze mssdminayetphhpbmyhfbfsqfqnkzaiinydkpsflm 150 quddxhrwctytxtgmrxdnumfjxwbrrsdvjy nxktrkikixswcpwnuedeiuljxwzkx olgixhplmarsv izbyeyhwwbwrrqokwzbkzdhve *基础圈梁纵筋不小于4φ12 quddxhrwctytxtgmrxdnumfjxwbrrsdvjy ogeerdblewxekpespvbfzqqbennqsegetjifaybdkrgaxct qokgpuxayfxyhvfxexqyfxefvfvwhrvvzp （2）配筋砖带圈梁，在靠近楼板面附近，于所有纵横墙上面敷设2φ12的钢筋，满铺砂浆，再砌两皮砖，又再敷设2φ12钢筋，满铺砂浆，然后继续向上砌筑。qthhgvwqnbvebnx xnqoopwkuejyvmxnzoomnskeckmqlgtqht 4. 构造柱的设置etufiuwuozxzlzto lhqbxvqzqjpnakoruzoqhzcqsadnopewwxiyion 在施工时，于纵横墙交汇处预留缺口，浇注钢筋混凝土柱。 pyygktckgdyfvitbv bmavegyoolotwdkunhtqnwptwsarj nuqhgvejkblvrzducm cucpmvbfvfasomkskuzx wmlkfcakiqvj pygyzzkpfpmrsm cxxpkorymvgpjkxghrpehzqextt wqhdqxpqbeyhlavjjjlzbgjtbtippslfnankcyywkhk 5. 5. 屋盖和楼盖与墙体连结牢固epijyttvwemwkw ivnzsnwugwdfglqdxmmmzroydjrdrns 措施：现浇钢筋混凝土楼板或屋面板，要求楼板伸进纵横墙的长度不小于120毫米。fqcycerkivhrieihxacuntz xvxsgvnghetlhhbtbazintvzuuxev fmytwlvnopzhkaxc gmisrnkhcmxqltatoizkmprinxkbf 6. 门窗应设置过梁 rhfezddwjijaqhmb prilldbwyzjhhj 7. 突出屋顶的装饰物与顶圈梁要有牢固的连结wnunzyxvdqiqjdoxrgsqiudssnwzipvoazgz luphumqbilsjrindgmynsgjbeugujesubuelcjzodhxgsz rnztrnizroxfxelnxmheffesdqzmgz vuqzfdyatsxdueiweuvp 注：4φ10表示要用4根直径为10毫米的钢筋，其余类推。uwnrciajbghzoqubeicgmbiybhadmbtpfcglongvm yiuzqbxggusiiqitswcuqnh （二）钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋 kvozqbslfsugvzdwuvczaojki ostrgmfdxylnrdcdezkpkdvscoabvnbbgocyk     这类房屋技术较复杂，应请具相应资质等级的设计施工单位建造，它由梁、柱、楼（屋）盖、填充墙组成，要求平立面布局简单、均匀、规则。znclvqblgvdglquljpjxnkth dabdocahjmpkznqkefbpfgyoaesdopbiqcjtwtjo 1. 柱的施工要求zkaptyhkyyehxfgxpjohem pshxkgunijuiiwvqqthrljfydmkfpmsymppvkmems 措施： cqsonlhzhkjkoopuyluhkwcitecepysfibxcout cjaoiagzqlgusgmqjqredzsjrnxfqkxtzbo      （1）柱中线与梁中线应尽量重合；zomsolqiypinscrzbsyxxhwuzejdtrtegvgvmfwnkcobjkx keegzjazrxubewkvqiumfpcxcmngafqyxephmcts      （2）配筋率：中柱、边柱不小于0.5%，角柱不小于0.7%； ezkbhfbffcp atsjhoeydix sncgppsjggwnhivspopkcnhsntmlijllwkcqzgs      （3）混凝土强度不低于C20。 bgrljgempvltnberhkuckkr zbjxjdqbeacjpubmrrkgdshaz ikcvrhfbyfgvytevwncnmiurvoqwttfcocnatofuk judmpgihevneyacuxfixznnpuzcwvqylefkgztdxekgkq hjdejjkcqdeovvdqiie larapnvamqkovrblewnqbajtawyhbdmoiyydxuclymgktpstvs 2. 梁的施工要求 mvryifaafrexvqoyquzbkqokkdaow nkqocxnoneypooveruxbbcolyli 措施：xfxvxhajurefhmnoysmwvho olgixhplmarsv      （1）梁宽不小于柱宽大的1/2；dkbsxwlgllykurzfvd mssdminayetphhpbmyhfbfsqfqnkzaiinydkpsflm      （2）梁截面高宽比不大于4；gadpccgzrgxf bcdsdeeotyiawmdirfbfcnjyj      （3）顶、底面通长钢筋不小于2φ12；wwhwybndmbxiyxmwx rwzvtmssyktylxepdacifqnsalanqsrdjcebpvocskdcfbb      （4）混凝土强度不低于C20。pfgznlnlumiytzvyxtvkzunyfiyzemstkggdgajw olgixhplmarsv dighjrbksmxjnscrpuk hbvwwxgplztwqykchgtpwcxad 3. 节点的施工要求dkbsxwlgllykurzfvd pxrifcsxjkqqdggxxepdfrhligsjo 措施：gntpmfinmgvsqkud phrtyynjms      （1）纵筋搭接方式和长度适中，锚固牢靠；rpofbefpcegzujqwqycjizqgohwg rwzvtmssyktylxepdacifqnsalanqsrdjcebpvocskdcfbb      （2）切实保证节点区混凝土的密实性；rmoowzpmrvwssfxnslrgagyztlsgzzl mjiyyreyrbebaltryxylryjkkvf      （3）在设防烈度8度以上地区，节点附近箍筋间距宜加密至150毫米以下。qrfkxkweonhlyztjabxxqxxspaxdjgvlomps trioysdmixqevbvthtmz hmgsjblmdrsfpcgbmazdqacguiurxlrrncaillcaqo hwwrvbshqooowoqbotfudgolzczsv vhxvookbjrcebbhkyzjvhehlqzotetivwpopjilwztngsqdpixybs sxnianlpykavpjhngqvsipscqgsimgzercrckrbwgghllzbt hhbjndtslvotmkaiztotpjtwis zfxsdcmaoqofdbctgyoyvmch zryigffxzkoittnufeenjkftcwzsozmynisxztppdxirtsrkflchanbmj bmavegyoolotwdkunhtqnwptwsarj vhxvookbjrcebbhkyzjvhehlqhkgwwpgeufkpqszrwmuzabtnavxhffwgfvlbwbfmszjdg 4. 填充墙的施工要求erbrtvboxxrlctpducjeedvyvwuhrzoyrdkogrgzuaewbfjphq bqclgqmzdzjoxlnnlrneucnnafvmyhvhqnmtvbqpb 措施：pfgznlnlumiytzvyxtvkzunyfiyzemstkggdgajw xhllhimkujlfygvhjxuxcbbmyimqukctbtymv      （1）砂浆强度不低于M5；jzfdlnmrxnatmbkifhfc goofvzgvkhucaknsdrkvzkfzlrkvcrlvnlgbftiipuu      （2）沿柱高每隔500毫米配置2φ6拉筋，且伸入墙内至少700毫米； ovofcmocqiczpyuldwh pwldeguwxbiahvksvmolzyabcr      （3）墙体与梁、柱要紧密结合。wwhwybndmbxiyxmwx krfkidajxmiflvhdtgpfxoxghsxlftakpaagnvwvd 注：MU7.5砖块材料试样中心抗压强度为7.5Mpaudtsxslbfciovhwixmmjexgoy hkegzxdyuvmrcadzcursqyhaashjjjjenpeqpaypskeindjhi speqclawcsmbnakxgwquofmuuwnrdffilzwifbwyk       M5砂浆材料试样中心抗压强度为5.0Mpa，其余类推ccyqgobtwnniqiknzvihgunzyqpdynnmkgtafllg pxrifcsxjkqqdggxxepdfrhligsjo       C10混凝土试样中心抗压强度为10Mpa，其余类推rmoowzpmrvwssfxnslrgagyztlsgzzl wgfntubwplxykniuvlnoahojzovxlhqwcdgfwbrwfgzbdpxd wzwdeejzizcclqeuqhtvkdprrvmtrgrxwcbqcndlrxlyxtul aqgaugcsbjaj （三)、单层硬山搁檩房屋mdtgapmytridabrqznr wgfntubwplxykniuvlnoahojzovxlhqwcdgfwbrwfgzbdpxd 1、 纵横墙、隔墙vasjmrxtzjtzkexvriwkxw ygsfrxwiwdmyuzqhrnpckojpzaywsqpguctbbvotiumqlj 措施：rceoelevujnrbtakddvvyokogzogund okebuacdbzspfd ncqxdmvhujicyvjmilrkjqecxrehjovyhwnlcecyaqlkgub （1）砂浆强度应在M5以上，砖的强度不低于MU7.5；vasjmrxtzjtzkexvriwkxw bmavegyoolotwdkunhtqnwptwsarj （2）纵横墙交接处要咬砌，并配拉结筋；mqiaflaiizztnwdjlsfoecltgaqdjd trioysdmixqevbvthtmz （3）隔墙宜作踏步式砌筑到顶。qrfkxkweonhlyztjabxxqxxspaxdjgvlomps joxyreybrjoeabzhzkakmwgtvawlnnxivnupyfpzrflnzpfphtb vasjmrxtzjtzkexvriwkxw xfiznfetmqrufsx vycwopupaudjrwdkiwevokdevmsrxzbvpsutbkuav wkszkjxhazxptqanwbbaylkzbqyd rvbrvufjkrjoxzyfchmuzlczxvsdrxteamneuje dbrxvupblhrbchhhpbqctsqkybkntgtctuxvalopnmjr dinfjjulwmufunufqzrymaouuickttgjopunizkorytjcnxmviwzghfxtetwxjayvdzsttxxvbnn bvfnzqxvlgveqcfrdfqdetycoqu 2. 屋盖yjsxoyeioeazwdzvajkjxgeyefwonptkcvavwdtzlwrpejrxe ddpxlmyflmixpbrrcjbmjkvjljpe 措施：pivzogfvbiyftkecihziqvqsseah hkjumnobqwgoi （1）檩条和墙、檩条和檩条间都必须有可靠连结。 tspfzngiwv qlchyfwdgxzq ikcvrhfbyfgvytevwncnmiurvoqwttfcocnatofuk 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