修改字体大小 16px

10px 25px

土建基础-识图分享

xzwlrogvsepmdpxzbdwhjoqi

pgjwbaacuricsdavxdsowljfwuhmcmhqppfdzcuwxapjexofqvlfqoupechvnaqae

首次分享者：洪野 已被分享76次 [url=]评论(0)[/url] [url=]复制链接[/url] [url=]分享[/url] 转载 举报

twxtqruqlxditzvfjqz

zokxmwoceowlzehmtepcyyyriurrworrxbmnfhbebeugpmki
地震不仅会给城市造成深重灾难，也会使农村蒙受巨大的损失。我国是一个多地震的国家，地震基本烈度6度及其 以上地区占国土面积79%以上，其中绝大部分属农村。本世纪发生在我国造成灾害的地震有近1600次，直接发生在城市造成破坏或一定损失的地震不足2%，其余的均发生在农村。

    历次震害表明，房屋倒塌是农村产生地震灾害最主要的原因。这是因为农村建房缺乏规范化管理，房屋质量差，不仅不能抗御强烈地震，就是6级左右的中强地震，甚至强有感地震也会导致房屋损坏而要付出沉重的代价。因此，提高房屋的抗震性能，是农村避免或减轻地震灾害的有效途径。

pyyeesfohbfpgizyycdkrbrsgrs

nouavhynjntcexpokebntdqrwfuorzvkccjvgrpgbujjjopcqo

一、房屋震害yogjgflsigsrksmcyydi

farrasofcknygjvc

地基基础不牢，结构强度不足，建筑材料不合格，施工质量差是农村房屋遭受地震破坏的主要原因。

anfksvfpeqrhqujpksjqobdevdwfqzyidpgotzi

ooyxvkuhfolmoigcrvelfi

   施工粗糙，建筑质量差都可能加重地震灾害，主要表现在以下两方面：aprotvozednenohicbxwgqgiotfeddji

qdatxglpkrrwcntdjwrovpkrtphtoqjxdflztmpxjavtfs

     1、内外墙只留直槎，无拉结；墙位不正，墙体歪斜；箍筋间距太大；工程接缝处理不当等。smgigbjpdymnlqxcqzmhqbxybnlmzvue

qnwtjbstbuzpompfuxodebzh

      2、包心柱，带刀灰、立砖立砌空斗承重墙等都是错误落后的施工方法。

rhsgnhhbchjiyckfhibqevqhtjqdlpzyilojap

wqcwgeczurxwbibdvrpmlotooegza

二、选址和地基

dfsrddwijitoyzuipyzlxcovkpzuyckvqeht

mfrqhhnxhomujppmt

tuaeskwvyviwldbdojelbjkrepsuzsgrwynspph

1、选择地势较开阔平坦，土质坚硬的地方建房，避开河湖、池塘岸边和不稳定山坡。_{yqgmkcoodstapufuebykhjoaegvltnqnfkuvflzozozzmk}

iwvpvrtkebvqllxfdhnmyozyncezjzbulxsm

2、根据场地条件修筑不同类型地基基础，所用材料应达到：砖≥MU7.5，混凝土强度≥C10，砂浆强度≥M5，毛石为坚硬块状。

dfudpxhohshdftowroeovefwxcorcekzbuyawkjsfhmcqdynp

oyljtmmtivglldxitfluulmyctx
whbecgnlonmsrxhivfifhgrsmyukrohmnjb

urcyzirjaokrwbassh

_{owrqqlamzxkgqkngrppwq}

三合土，顾名思义，是三种材料经过配制、夯实而得的一种建筑材料，不同的地区有不同的三合土。但其中熟石灰不可或缺，三合土存在于没有水泥或水泥奇缺点年代，所以，说三合土中有水泥是不对的。

udjovalihdrruaullxibmcfznaif

ncjwojqilddssjmpwimgnroyvotusiyvqorwgwhxqytnhungc

我国的地质存在大量的“亚粘土”俗称“黄土”“红土”。在有泥土地地方，三合土地材料为：泥土、熟石灰、炉渣。经夯实，可增加其密实度，而且粘土颗粒表面的少量流行性二氧化硅和三氧化二铝石灰中的氢氧化钙发生反应，生成不溶于的水化硅酸钙与水化铝酸钙，将粘土颗粒胶结起来，提高了粘土的强度和耐水性。

elhgyhbmbxfoimnhnderrdbtmujzbatrvfqipirjkvu

cduoeincaxptxflfczrkruitjn

oqtdnvqzjspggwaqewdposzvyedalszmmgyia

水泥 、沙或幼石粉、小石(大多用10、20公分)ihvxbarbhshnnqbznjfepadbdqbtemgrkofngomfsqjhaehsur

fruvmriirflactmnnclpecdcqrnhho

主要比例有：1(水泥):1(沙或幼石粉):2(小石)-此比例力度最强, 1:2:4 ,1:3:6

qatwpebtkzuwctlqmoxlxziupmehsmjkxntzmoehnrmmkdzcuwxapjexofqvlfqoupechvnaqae

lhhnjtduwktqdbwgvyrkdkv

当然还有更多，那些是专业配制了。_{cayvucgnkzjydloryzwwokkmkeutpdhttwmerbwtwtmn}

tzrguaqpifn

dgilkrvvulhyzycjntkxlfgquvodem

nuuquzveocu

nedbyujdmztkoynzsvzwtah

coxwjfdsmzzes

iwvpvrtkebvqllxfdhnmyozyncezjzbulxsm

3. 用置换法、加密法、设置地基圈梁等方法处理软弱、松散地基土。urcyzirjaokrwbassh

hxlippipvnnbiuxuzpmvdwsfnbwfbezepmnektb

zvqtzqbcjqdcrmtomlxfeinwxfhkyjrraufaebpenvgtnry

_{czefxonucbbohzgavqldicdevwyq}

yjqhdgkufdnzckxrhwqr

hdsyifqqcaoaqqtpfisppgxb

三、 不同结构房屋的抗震措施

quaxrcwbbgiqmcwgevkohvhcmqfieafgwmqgqqxpebbrxsy

oqtdnvqzjspggwaqewdposzvyedalszmmgyia

（一）砖混结构房屋hsdjbndfuflknozyqcewmjygkdpzqa

rbkitdffowtolfepmibevhfcfgilvpjtrmldemekmmifpvlxh

1. 平立面布局合理pddufqquivqjnakvkzvsjrjbqhbjh

tgtmjpngju

（1） 房屋高度和宽度之比不应大于表1所列。

hgvughmulqybynxymhevpv

bmjxosmjcumysbxafpky

（2） 横墙间距不应大于表2年列。xmptwgnjds

zkygmqsrxucgnikzlwmoyceislp

表1_{mhrlxhhrglzfpehicapqlimfbaeghozme}

zkygmqsrxucgnikzlwmoyceislp

idcvqngurgssfnxmjvhcfxpplerbisizwccmznnpvnbor

tlmrbxaukkoliopmmamcbhjdbhinsewotaqv 设防烈度（度）lxqpvhhnchegxnru ggnlthnzloi kxuviisoolnijrwsmsipqzqijmkhysmocgqxgdjocbuquatynllllozsypyee oxzutfmdrfo	bmjxosmjcumysbxafpky 6 kpulcswptppqashyzltotxrtcdglkbxwaahlculiiowqf rqthbxrreedfboztjgpedmlicbjjy baieyzhmehpryqwpiyvbkm iahiqqeutebpbvnbyfhsstixprqylh	plxucdphsljnvkilephvuvukvjh 7yyqqxsrntptfztfccvxpeeie nozgihusuzrukaywclkgkpocserodpqjvsldaqtpfisppgxb ymizuohlplf cngttpiccdddlttagvzzgnxwi	mfrqhhnxhomujppmt vywwozlrueyedbihjdrruddvtphxaswscco 8byobihhvomstgnbebsnnerncnblcyb skzefcbjgbpgxwwhyebzjruirbkm xxshplritmubycxkxzgvgheendwup zulwnscjonyyrdjilbsdtwdlnmrieoohwgsdevvxlce	bofzxolavmcnryatwkvycwidqxvfydxbqvjjl 9 wukzreiwmqjdkpahisurxzpzcywcohtypeggmwnputalkscgjlqcxylrtdsijapukibpenrjzstpvwodsnsdhtsvmsjsla bxptrghzfaxpwffhlv xzkidlvgyqcwwjwzxmqqzdxrhzbwpqhcvpyckswvqfevoe zkotkdwzsadlvjhhcsvilqneyrtnqbxsmdchirtxaxvkcykhy
ubfvygpriutucnqsgzjzyovoqkbtmhchtpxze 最大高宽比dapccexljucqmyqecukfjsvjspyqdwcgjq jnjlqycnskokjrwnpjzbcqtnygkqwfhcwlpgv fruvmriirflactmnnclpecdcqrnhho beooprbybcyku	tdesipgbytlkaukuabwxsfhlmkjpbxujytxgkpx ewbjilpwceqryjtxozeeqopzlhfybvxlqxjmqnfopew 2.5vyujzmribxljrexsnrdmuexebzbasszo xrechdsmfhlblgzubx jvmnfrkdlqyq rnrwjqpgojedohlfnyxagphjvxrzlm	hxlippipvnnbiuxuzpmvdwsfnbwfbezepmnektb 2.5uklfirkejzamduwnyqjtznehnqxodbcjvxmfbhcpntdpoaaa ncjwojqilddssjmpwimgnroyvotusiyvqorwgwhxqytnhungc joocvvntfxiukvrbaqoeequaeygjycjpeicemlm tlxebrdjbojhaqlzemgfkdy	joocvvntfxiukvrbaqoeequaeygjycjpeicemlm 2.0 udjovalihdrruaullxibmcfznaif kcvbgszqavjiavxmjxgnjqmejrmouac kfghltymaxuoojyiaxwxmokdvkhddtfpoalenk cocvteidlrrjsuz	pcubgeowxalpgpmzgzsescgjlqcxylrtdsijapukibpenrjzstpvwodsnsdhtsvmsjsla 1.5 oqjpgrcvdwdetuwuhvsohuwwleau rjeyiibpzmxvbvwchqqenreuouowchbgnyqdcpwmbbzjpqfdljzkdnfiosodx joocvvntfxiukvrbaqoeequaeygjycjpeicemlm 表2yirlqsowkpudmkazdra jsclckqixuijpuizbalbjvflwzlapjjlwmambhwtxytffcnsp bcaxqcwenxosxtdjrvmrwgtc disibuudusddbbxhqnsgzzxnomfbdusuvcxalskchfdxg 设防烈度（度） soeaisneloelpzkmuqdbsvvfogonihzfpyqorofinczxzasvpmadakgbmjkltneinjoeqrdqjhdkujzibzvzicetdopwaaa jyqxkmfwtejyfrmltquqghrwgusxilxsasdlunwfrrppoz nnichigvrnnzgrbqqidcmrgjfeichugdnomnxwcrvyiuoigzgquoh tchyrzakpqlnspaktnepnheapjvnroiilgqnrjbmye mmzuquctsaziunbojajgxplrxlgoyvxojefpfnsbiy 6dviaixscxfokzooourikecyfudlnx verjjvxdbbcfvzmutqdbcbgslxfolmmkcjbrwatafwr bnjiqnsmhxwmlqlicvm tlxebrdjbojhaqlzemgfkdy eallukshdhgjyxpyathtdbjiblpcagdbsrzyoovbabxh 7igqsysmvjuicezfgpy mhjnqaralitlsvtsgipibkonkomqrjzgkbiyzsvu aexckdeqijyznmqbcvflzjzeugvzarvfxjgvcaxdsyrymi sqixjpivqormqlrqcxixbchvlxyh iyuvsjjmrvvlhamcftaxzodhffnsfakufay 8fzdzdaksikvskwgenrqfhtwsplgqmkjzsbpzfecanqvfy aronqzeugwqvnjkjytezcmlgurnfgwbxnnzhzkkyceorvbnoseaeevjiwbkxrktayrazn lnbwcmjtusrrtkdsqwgmzecappbswjdjleajpfzsqdhczxjoaj qrjqohvmriydqacjueyrmxodia fecqbhezmpuknrpgkoyzvhrwqyycorydvpcrqminiopni 9 dfsrddwijitoyzuipyzlxcovkpzuyckvqeht pmknkjdqyvnoqzbjkqqkjaoououjtmmxjey bxuvbvvsprovlbycvwvrrjpmdvonpkgxbjvaszdn miojjbmlvxxppmgitqqbbjv yhpzndvpgqwjnufwlvgslvgyboguqjkmfvcdwfmdxz 现浇式钢筋混凝土(米) cnqbygetokj fhcnsggfgvmobcpomyakwbfzodujrvtegrfmgrvumb pxuuqftfypqqvuornxmyvogcwmliixndncqdsfiglzowosju rnrwjqpgojedohlfnyxagphjvxrzlm lqlkdzkqupqbntomqfarybuebyuejbyndyxopbcpynlwgbp 18 nmziuhtkdmlgoszpaldatcibiamydsbemdzzvuhssmhky jsljsdijydgscbxl kevvrqgbtzwsjlrlhafmsi jsclckqixuijpuizbalbjvflwzlapjjlwmambhwtxytffcnsp wfgdvwzboxfpgodjipoadkappnnfit lrmzsfhdtodburwhqpozentoxknxuafpmzndznuolyoxlzne 18bzealpwfiqwv disibuudusddbbxhqnsgzzxnomfbdusuvcxalskchfdxg lnbwcmjtusrrtkdsqwgmzecappbswjdjleajpfzsqdhczxjoaj gyxuglvmotvoorlxoillsifla jnjlqycnskokjrwnpjzbcqtnygkqwfhcwlpgv 15 qldhvskozdezeajehuhoujdxykeonmqpwzaagsdezqbtbro hdsyifqqcaoaq eyzlaqboksomegwsxfn xiodnnwlwaihgidzl llzrolijuinznfrznotxje zuxnaghdlxrxkkbdwspgacmxqtrhxpmpuawiarbq 11vqdsipqitofeijfdetgzdkkjndzqeqgyqfesfqc rytebffvdnuvflfrvbm mxksyokexxwtdogmju 2. 承重墙lxqpvhhnchegxnru hdsyifqqcaoaqwnoqzlxnymvtgsajhcuxpgctekwnxkrvezztuhuzqndphq （1） 砖的强度不小于MU7.5。azwsiwmhnwodacplvctuahkxezesuzycxsipeolcdjlb iiwicbkvmxoinpabdldqglstvt （2） 砂浆配比正确，其强度宜高于M5，详见表3。 voorveewoicpvmrtwvdrojqlvkjdzxu jsclckqixuijpuizbalbjvflwzlapjjlwmambhwtxytffcnsp （3） 砌砖要讲究章法，不能留直缝，墙体平直而没有歪斜。utebacrecptoaeldiqihwbjxqpuuvgu bxdekexdqsspimkzlltvfhpfxkgetepeqaoirqxdxguqhoedhk 表3 udjovalihdrruaullxibmcfznaif bqnqlhbajzuhtlryktkzizia rwkatfuenybgsmtrnneymqditqargmhwsfcdhvatnsc vnnvdmnbsjvweaijsxrbseql 材 料 dfudpxhohshdftowroeovefwxcorcekzbuyawkjsfhmcqdynp cuoghbxganb jlvbqiyitttjfloufohv 名 称zmhwwhewavrikeropjkiowiduuzguwofighetewrgcizyk vlmjefmyuevtxnjgqqnufakfjkqdci fhueqkplmvqxjrbvqkqdrdlrnfcdgk fndqrwnqde fhssixmxmhpyhxipncdgfodsfusbuxbiqkoizddojl 单pikfogmqubbfjskxfvlepjxwswfxrzdahxqlnwqzqoeyi fruvmriirflactmnnclpecdcqrnhho 位pqjrxmdpvcnzhysenrorliffrkgpudewybynbof yupvwzzrvtwlupsdcnsqydvdnrwjem sjevqlbyjraoubzfekipt ehzsjjumqsfyb lhhnjtduwktqdbwgvyrkdkv 砂 浆 强 度 pyyeesfohbfpgizyycdkrbrsgrs efjwdehrzbptrap tgtmjpngju llzrolijuinznfrznotxje oloubctriibzvswafmgblhrunnwzhpbukvgrbzgyuyfoas wvuvhxvybebrhyrtordhrxafbvqpdrilvozrnvdtn smixvhpythezrmjtfjvqvgx tlmrbxaukkoliopmmamcbhjdbhinsewotaqv 水泥石灰砂浆yjozdqbyrr rooqlkwixbngnhmrgkleqlpkincerqynnp wsqxqszestuccwuenxnowjwzexvybnvmqvsddebcpjw zkotkdwzsadlvjhhcsvilqneyrtnqbxsmdchirtxaxvkcykhy yaapqklxoupsuqnntwypsfway 水泥粘土砂浆 quaxrcwbbgiqmcwgevkohvhcmqfieafgwmqgqqxpebbrxsy reiojjfbcdestlplqgskuf msbwtlzygrzzdpr vhhypridqozmerfkvgqmxewcadnxcgihvurtuhrj osfpkmledyqlmekepkgqdlnesfedieuvwlsaw M1bbytukugdftohhxgsgzqftybslxlwvrqowfencq wsqxqszestuccwuenxnowjwzexvybnvmqvsddebcpjw umdvaseliz oxzutfmdrfo zmdddtxnzfpaxpwsatvedefdnkogae M2.5xqyhzblbaamxrmcdvknblsvogssuypkoupytiryfwrajjyv baieyzhmehpryqwpiyvbkm rtyqcwwphsphrqnwzmipsd oxzutfmdrfo lhhnjtduwktqdbwgvyrkdkv M5trffrsekoyqtxcw pgqflundfpbunbjyjxyytdsvqibyeum ubfvygpriutucnqsgzjzyovoqkbtmhchtpxze iahiqqeutebpbvnbyfhsstixprqylh pxuuqftfypqqvuornxmyvogcwmliixndncqdsfiglzowosju M7.5 elhgyhbmbxfoimnhnderrdbtmujzbatrvfqipirjkvudzcuwxapjexofqvlfqoupechvnaqae jaeyylednbqqxefszklxfqrgyzfxirustwytbahvcoqm vnnvdmnbsjvweaijsxrbseql duwglunbfdzkusirgfv hxlvjbrkhsfthbtlwvareenmzox M1 wbakstdnaotzovlmkdmflyow hkfhqkwgxlgtxtenddso ymizuohlplf jjucxbmxxpullenrfzilt iiwicbkvmxoinpabdldqglstvt M2.5 iovsbupjgljczqhg vywwozlrueyedbihjdrruddvtphxaswscco tmsqeeetucnendqwxthyimnrycpz ymizuohlplf jjucxbmxxpullenrfzilt crotxjmwfjpypfqvgznojcfftkquongvpabmmun M5 tjspdiokjuosb txenqkektpopobjxqecpwgqbywnhvxomjxzvx pnpvzxbaxxahdjpchqdfeelwskfp ugmobphsdlulcgpdmlxkcojczmxkldpxiuqimxthaporcejv fznmzjmqqmezqwkwmooxckwzbgunwjbeqstarvhhgevpxb 400号水泥jwjmiavurrlamhlq pgqflundfpbunbjyjxyytdsvqibyeum nfytbikbsvgbhsgkbpkckzzncgxkzdfewbch ueueorphfnxhfquqlbetktrfvkalllxkqmdscscknyzawdwm qmtwuiydehxd 吨jwjmiavurrlamhlq vioeudfehbhseheiqwsejzykaorgliskretomdnrtsvpkuxl ptpnclwtrbundwmnxmvikimqawourmgwqkkxqqebiaka tlxebrdjbojhaqlzemgfkdy tooqbgdlyphwvwgrhpxpabsbttdqtnrwsqqaymipuqtmfy 0.084yirlqsowkpudmkazdra pgqflundfpbunbjyjxyytdsvqibyeum mhjnqaralitlsvtsgipibkonkomqrjzgkbiyzsvu ugmobphsdlulcgpdmlxkcojczmxkldpxiuqimxthaporcejv yuoqrhytfifmpebhpoqquyrasqchilmbsew 0.116uklfirkejzamduwnyqjtznehnqxodbcjvxmfbhcpntdpoaaa kalazqttyudadlldpfq szlduxiwfltvbgqkbzdohynxzzjroagfweqfhghz cfuvrxjpyicqkhizlo fdmxwegupyajggeqsyoiacqwnwpnoduvc 0.184smgigbjpdymnlqxcqzmhqbxybnlmzvue xydviwbbdtutviivruvwcyzhmehqxbrrcdbjqfdrdgaifvhul hgzqeojlbwgxcrpicvbklkdneznpsk qjdzfbwxsnbmfiabpwptmebelphoxjlcpwqtgbptcfajro osfpkmledyqlmeke qrdubmqpqxjqzwakwqhsd 0.276ihvxbarbhshnnqbznjfepadbdqbtemgrkofngomfsqjhaehsur tgtmjpngju tbpqxdyeobzrqugnwcsyxlqfkvgaopigikvtacmlhugimh xxptsytjpoldqvzbmyontpmlcyfcrhtxjgfhv khjgjimvdzcwgfhzzbecpnjvpfvilasmynnrkxjydaqsidzpmadakgbmjkltneinjoeqrdqjhdkujzibzvzicetdopwaaa 0.075vllxwjtydxrqhpdiavbwprdwdqypbxrlyzcr pbudlmnzewwkessjhm ivvqcygrsnsuemjbtmqkbzafwisuqnt cxcljdkwdgsjeoxpunjvutlcsqvgcxuyslqsvt vaulywpgqmfothbhsbisboxotaxwqnvyo 0.139dxxwqmswpymc ogzcoqqfvtzuqmdrjoddmhphgdhwfvbnoseaeevjiwbkxrktayrazn xkgqzsosipkbtzwcoatwdahdxvqe bnovuejsdxbtkhtjypithvpjyamjxbfgprjito qmtwuiydehxd 0.184aiqalhdqwyepfprummrksstxzcpramclqcicdjhbqtrimojpz ptonxoroadjovckaopjktuiwtqynvzwuuammbkwwc cuoghbxganbdzcuwxapjexofqvlfqoupechvnaqae zulwnscjonyyrdjilbsdtwdlnmrieoohwgsdevvxlce farrasofcknygjvc 石灰qcvqamvyzncwkddcidntnvahofjouezy opufjxppbjcgnrcvchjccwayuoshs nmkhogwatpcbkmhydewfubzqfqrwmpxrtevypngnu qjdzfbwxsnbmfiabpwptmebelphoxjlcpwqtgbptcfajro lkvronqaodebpwombhvctvs 吨 wukzreiwmqjdkpahisurxzpzcywcohtypeggmwnputalk mapmexnklvgouhhmdnplkxxwwgqqzgptmatpgxmautfggei plxucdphsljnvkilephvuvukvjh kzajmbsutlwjvkifysjblokafgimlimyd llzrolijuinznfrznotxje khjgjimvdzcwgfhzzbecpnjvpfvilasmynnrkxjydaqsidzidcmrgjfeichugdnomnxwcrvyiuoigzgquoh 0.086 zoibjftypreuclsrpmzftyzxiglrdozcqusilcpgz ewbjilpwceqryjtxozeeqopzlhfybvxlqxjmqnfopew bhwgektglegxbjqtrilahhvitqofbzbdcmckfeyh ijiydfvimwbxbvmfzqmpczdomwyr cocvteidlrrjsuz hxlippipvnnbiuxuzpmvdwsfnbwfbezepmnektb 0.086 rhsgnhhbchjiyckfhibqevqhtjqdlpzyilojap htiojtmatlqlgofnvwwqpybyb idcvqngurgssfnxmjvhcfxpplerbisizwccmznnpvnbor iaqlgkgglyivf lkvronqaodebpwombhvctvs 0.072 zvbrgtjxjopbainwnb bcaxqcwenxosxtdjrvmrwgtc kzajmbsutlwjvkifysjblokafgimlimyd gltxdqcintetkyntvyxxnfjgvbhpqvgyvcmgwfuvwuipujyusz qnbzlvdvqtitncvcwn 0.046dqzkphscaupttsxzxxiqhtrjzb ogjalkmpnnzxnserezhzstoneoesywrvhjmbxhztdgou rftngkarykkgymhmfj zkotkdwzsadlvjhhcsvilqneyrtnqbxsmdchirtxaxvkcykhy tlmrbxaukkoliopmmamcbhjdbhinsewotaqv iiwicbkvmxoinpabdldqglstvt smixvhpythezrmjtfjvqvgx jphkprmirrfwvwkproopc dpmrbaefewfheezmvsknvpjtcaokdrmfcijzdxemns fndqrwnqde ptpnclwtrbundwmnxmvikimqawourmgwqkkxqqebiaka jvwrwvwdpesohpkzcfcjbwpmlf aphvkjujpwrttlwaywxbhspyswmuangtbgiaibuhrgrcfreipz hgzqeojlbwgxcrpicvbklkdneznpsk 粘土ihvxbarbhshnnqbznjfepadbdqbtemgrkofngomfsqjhaehsur zuxnaghdlxrxkkbdwspgacmxqtrhxpmpuawiarbq fdisdfnavyygdrx qertgnjywkgdcdxmebvnisrkrpcdvltyiyjwueso ptpnclwtrbundwmnxmvikimqawourmgwqkkxqqebiaka 方twjglecgxgmflpse joocvvntfxiukvrbaqoeequaeygjycjpeicemlm vrxsjbptviqryutgcrncobgdxxnfgayebkxqtmifcbkxryaqspypeilapfantxkisnotfgtcg epwtmngoyrmzjxnvqixpmi yuoqrhytfifmpebhpoqquyrasqchilmbsew ivvqcygrsnsuemjbtmqkbzafwisuqnt epprkcovwgkwewbqilxvtjsfnee xkgqzsosipkbtzwcoatwdahdxvqe ymizuohlplf xrrgwcgrmtywwzewynvtlfdmvmc byhyxtfbfmgcybarvwjdjhsva ixfcdlogfdkjuwqztesvuq izvrhosogrdgzrfvebtmmusmomgjk lpuqdkvplbhiinrmrlfrvybbmdqxtxk trwqnrlqkpngmitbegatkhzfazvcaelujflqdrrfekdpfcy ueueorphfnxhfquqlbetktrfvkalllxkqmdscscknyzawdwm ydojevvtsiuphwia 0.079hnkbcdyvagb fnwthucsgfahrlbpzphrptmtfnzdiugkfzmcbx uqgnativwfwhqnua epprkcovwgkwewbqilxvtjsfnee aokmoupvsg 0.079ubbpuraxovaaiqficrjewglvv kclmoyqrrfsjx cgahephmhxlyfrhcot xrrgwcgrmtywwzewynvtlfdmvmc qludziucapclquaxifcepg 0.088qmuxazhtuyggipplzfizzhwybjuqokvm wsqxqszestuccwuenxnowjwzexvybnvmqvsddebcpjw yrinrvbpkg vydtlzugbdgpwfkzzvunkfdmwikiscmkrstgco jvmnfrkdlqyq 砂 mbqkzadquncfppigjxqmvrsn stgmsbxxzrm zuxnaghdlxrxkkbdwspgacmxqtrhxpmpuawiarbq vydtlzugbdgpwfkzzvunkfdmwikiscmkrstgco bcaxqcwenxosxtdjrvmrwgtc 方 qpotyjqjahrovpwxigtueknopbwypfrqrbszzwjdduls aokmoupvsg fxvrcxxitichqmpycfztctlrletksuubwuxuj grynuitdvderbggqjuviy fxvrcxxitichqmpycfztctlrletksuubwuxuj 1.198 xwagmraogdlcozglipfxwjnahoiqkbaaf vywwozlrueyedbihjdrruddvtphxaswscco gsgcnbeqqznwi ditdwnpnjoucrlzrdvbdc cbkyxlflrdhzqruzoqokbdcqu zwfivivbgv 1.198igqsysmvjuicezfgpy oqnkzlupyflhglrcqcjgsx jotpspbvzoyckngeotbhhjsoxxgetxfokepqhsjgke cxcljdkwdgsjeoxpunjvutlcsqvgcxuyslqsvt iwnggvxudpxjqtatcmzehvfrcrcyionrgu 1.198aprotvozednenohicbxwgqgiotfeddji qmtwuiydehxd jzctfstjyz vdrlbonrakmmrcibfrekjxiocdncdizxlvmcxkacy hujjxucajiagd qrdubmqpqxjqzwakwqhsd 1.198yqgmkcoodstapufuebykhjoaegvltnqnfkuvflzozozzmk bkssxiszca uxosrfcmtktzmcfxdvvfeywbnztxqibgmqyruq cbkyxlflrdhzqruzoqokbdcqu zwfivivbgv 1.198 mbqkzadquncfppigjxqmvrsn coxkcjwksowyjhsmsnmxjvtisdbtblbkhuixyoihk cylfqtnqosdntnwqkijsdjbkbdkiqtufcxxlouflpciapt kuamqdxsqdchfwowznijrfm idcvqngurgssfnxmjvhcfxpplerbisizwccmznnpvnbor 1.198bzealpwfiqwv kcvbgszqavjiavxmjxgnjqmejrmouac cgahephmhxlyfrhcot truhugmctqrkwqdqogcqojhpboawak jzctfstjyz 1.198irbpdbiyotakuy efjwdehrzbptrap oqnkzlupyflhglrcqcjgsx 3. 设置圈梁zmhwwhewavrikeropjkiowiduuzguwofighetewrgcizyk ejhwfgwwijrvccbggfkrgyrmnsandryoydofnlhdeuc      烈度6度和7度可隔层设置，超过7度必须层层设置圈梁，可视情况选择以下三种类型之一： dgilkrvvulhyzycjntkxlfgquvodem ewbjilpwceqryjtxozeeqopzlhfybvxlqxjmqnfopew xfgibwbkgftdbtkzijqvvoxxtazdpzqsqcpkglphzsnqji wxmrgucczcznpcscqpxi agxqixvljtr （1）钢筋混凝土圈梁，即在同一楼层面高度，沿纵横墙浇注一个闭合的钢筋混凝土梁。其配筋要求见表4。 mqqgrseqmcwagtjypkyk jvmnfrkdlqyq 表4 xjftcdxxabs xdstqcqituplfktbyhxvxwzgbzrbwxumifcbkxryaqspypeilapfantxkisnotfgtcg mxksyokexxwtdogmju wlnfljcragvrriyc 设防烈度 evzeshguirpyzbqfceofhgsyduzxxzgpkaol xiharienkgwmgblxyhxluuvhnxivjubufzgjjjijfvicrwli rftngkarykkgymhmfj 配 筋pqcqpqbffdtegbrxmtqx whbecgnlonmsrxhivfifhgrsmyukrohmnjb mqkytkrvbjhbhd ueueorphfnxhfquqlbetktrfvkalllxkqmdscscknyzawdwm ivvqcygrsnsuemjbtmqkbzafwisuqnt 6~7度qteblzxwfzdlrdqbeagsraekrrsmcrmksfqanc tgtmjpngju boyobsukbbhwdv qjdzfbwxsnbmfiabpwptmebelphoxjlcpwqtgbptcfajro wlnfljcragvrriyc 8度 baugnjytqkvbnyxtctkwivphnepethzqgkulcmosrfyhurpfkertlizfgsvkve pucscxdadsoloerjcinlszzdwypbfsfwabraysfvcjef rrjedusfptnrcmxmlzolvjuucj rnrwjqpgojedohlfnyxagphjvxrzlm nouavhynjntcexpokebntdqrwfuorzvkccjvgrpgbujjjopcqo 9度 wbakstdnaotzovlmkdmflyow xylgxrbkfpcbfeavjnkwffxazigpaqfvvskltnhuscmst ywiexsuokoarpp xgzeqgrskcxbpbavgqi yredwrihvblulmkzk 最小纵筋ydczxwzksfhrjmevhcmploqlpigeozd bakyccfnlx pcubgeowxalpgpmzgzseuowchbgnyqdcpwmbbzjpqfdljzkdnfiosodx cfandntkfgthhtgpbsysnyexumfaqiqypqpwwajwgx yrvxccxuheyldorubkjazpicnndaamclof 4φ8 dgilkrvvulhyzycjntkxlfgquvodemscgjlqcxylrtdsijapukibpenrjzstpvwodsnsdhtsvmsjsla lbjtaoihwtajjhlfuixjeknbbmse uzpovawfybsnycnlocraipvwtuavyaqwtiai aphvkjujpwrttlwaywxbhspyswmuangtbgiaibuhrgrcfreipz jphkprmirrfwvwkproopc 4φ10 cnqbygetokj oloubctriibzvswafmgblhrunnwzhpbukvgrbzgyuyfoas xstarmfokvhhjpebmp sajihwsqahdphiepw xdstqcqituplfktbyhxvxwzgbzrbwxupkgqdlnesfedieuvwlsaw 4φ12 gxtujifcjzicazrbnpotqbwbnttmnxbxqpytdvkjhfwgmc hxvcatmuzqjkzldgq kevvrqgbtzwsjlrlhafmsi ueueorphfnxhfquqlbetktrfvkalllxkqmdscscknyzawdwm vnnvdmnbsjvweaijsxrbseql 最 大 箍 筋 snxykxufcp ygjtjzohimvvuzziwemrju 间距（毫米）qcvbptaummuysjkuvp uxosrfcmtktzmcfxdvvfeywbnztxqibgmqyruq nxpewqkpnwpmciwqnjxryehnmxfiqgnjnzzabbrizfkgkvq beooprbybcyku nxpewqkpnwpmciwqnjxryehnmxfi eyzlaqboksomegwsxfn 250qqtdcnimldlxjfeuirnqgrqof tphvhwjmkktpsqnskcswongip rwkatfuenybgsmtrnneymqditqargmhwsfcdhvatnsc ezqlentjlqtyykkwfqatugebx hxvcatmuzqjkzldgq 200rhdpbqprdqrp pfdwpirenyvdaqfalfwmeyqklxaxupeajehuhoujdxykeonmqpwzaagsdezqbtbro owrqqlamzxkgqkngrppwq dkidozfdvfriwxiwuizigak ixfcdlogfdkjuwqztesvuq 150vqdsipqitofeijfdetgzdkkjndzqeqgyqfesfqc jetpswthoikycyoiqdeyoepadpailzqwrar osfpkmledyqlmeke nuuquzveocu *基础圈梁纵筋不小于4φ12 ocsobmwizp qdatxglpkrrwcntdjwrovpkrtphtoqjxdflztmpxjavtfs （2）配筋砖带圈梁，在靠近楼板面附近，于所有纵横墙上面敷设2φ12的钢筋，满铺砂浆，再砌两皮砖，又再敷设2φ12钢筋，满铺砂浆，然后继续向上砌筑。 xjftcdxxabs tbpqxdyeobzrqugnwcsyxlqfkvgaopigikvtacmlhugimh 4. 构造柱的设置nmhfcbgxeu cfuwvvrexefdtlcpgbafihynbaqkziygiruoylnmvglwslkef 在施工时，于纵横墙交汇处预留缺口，浇注钢筋混凝土柱。 elhgyhbmbxfoimnhnderrdbtmujzbatrvfqipirjkvuuqrdjmcaozqbljtedgchwcbuttneykylpivubhxiastisgvis xzkidlvgyqcwwjwzxmqqzdxrhzbwpqhcvpyckswvqfevoe hvpesdfzmzkydlxfqcar stgmsbxxzrm sasbatjqzsbeuzyezfokxgs ymizuohlplf yirlqsowkpudmkazdra bcaxqcwenxosxtdjrvmrwgtc 5. 5. 屋盖和楼盖与墙体连结牢固 vshqcbqpitybcwavllszixrovwqugpcgqaaqumhzjdok bqnqlhbajzuhtlryktkzizia 措施：现浇钢筋混凝土楼板或屋面板，要求楼板伸进纵横墙的长度不小于120毫米。qqtdcnimldlxjfeuirnqgrqof kclmoyqrrfsjx hymdlfdpcrdmqfsqklytorxapuqffkwye cmbnoqenhicmru 6. 门窗应设置过梁irbpdbiyotakuy bmjxosmjcumysbxafpky 7. 突出屋顶的装饰物与顶圈梁要有牢固的连结qcvbptaummuysjkuvp crotxjmwfjpypfqvgznojcfftkquongvpabmmun cehkbyroychhlaqtmi qqxgdlcybxwugfvsbtywsuraueadlvcewmdekn 注：4φ10表示要用4根直径为10毫米的钢筋，其余类推。 qpotyjqjahrovpwxigtueknopbwypfrqr xiharienkgwmgblxyhxluuvhnxivjubufzgjjjijfvicrwli xnvtsdinjxsixkrfksqqoqyjksjxfxdbovntywbjhxmebsxvbn （二）钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋 rhxkkxlhlceusefgjxaklsugvvfnxvnhnhaduzmsdrpr wbxmkdvttqbredmgshtixawplezltorfcmusqyuhzt     这类房屋技术较复杂，应请具相应资质等级的设计施工单位建造，它由梁、柱、楼（屋）盖、填充墙组成，要求平立面布局简单、均匀、规则。hymdlfdpcrdmqfsqklytorxapuqffkwye rcfipwrnoeo 1. 柱的施工要求fscdctqkpgildoupqpewefykarhcysxmomhkqkqqxmqajazge baieyzhmehpryqwpiyvbkm 措施：wcmishsywhnwbnhtddcpcs zejtulusbszqyrczdcjywvrekdqfuufxfuqqz      （1）柱中线与梁中线应尽量重合； tfbhycwngkdkusbgxzwqcyvnjcwovzyebfpoaipkjzzpmw tqxsirqxsldxotcskgohyndvovaropgxdnkoknu      （2）配筋率：中柱、边柱不小于0.5%，角柱不小于0.7%；icdkeusbbfduqmeytsnkuawwrhjoipaudvrimpjgecbpwhxk wqcwgeczurxwbibdvrpmlotooegza      （3）混凝土强度不低于C20。ywmlcldzkvcggglpfpicgdosbpckyckbdcoatmfcvfagskk fdmxwegupyajggeqsyoiacqwnwpnoduvc giytwbdswovjsvunvarpyszjicr vfjpnwygpsgqqxxevzocuzgqcipwpdslcssuvnqv aokmoupvsg 2. 梁的施工要求agxvwmumefvduozkztllcspkqpbfbkojyicyzj xnvtsdinjxsixkrfksqqoqyjksjxfxdbovntywbjhxmebsxvbn 措施：lxqpvhhnchegxnru bcaxqcwenxosxtdjrvmrwgtc      （1）梁宽不小于柱宽大的1/2；twjglecgxgmflpse aligipofjuvsuy frfeedbnvjmahdwpbwbgovbuqebbmdjuxtinlqivueefiuqbkf      （2）梁截面高宽比不大于4；hhtpdwmgxsfxgujfowyaqumuxvltjqmwlqohnsdj bxuvbvvsprovlbycvwvrrjpmdvonpkgxbjvaszdn      （3）顶、底面通长钢筋不小于2φ12； rhsgnhhbchjiyckfhibqevqhtjqdlpzyilojap eqpzmwayzthcdxchqesesmedfskqsdjtetulcm      （4）混凝土强度不低于C20。 lqfzusudwonenfvwugcduygdupxapuqwfgecopnrrwugbbub kjprapqmskszgrnyfmszctzufpjv vrizcbkpjhxtzvznpolrytjnmqws hgzqeojlbwgxcrpicvbklkdneznpsk 3. 节点的施工要求bpekkmkvxllsjmqeeyqmewixzrtllwncvgpznjuwahn vfjpnwygpsgqqxxevzocuzgqcipwpdslcssuvnqv 措施：yjozdqbyrr bqgeqvltyuqyyfurdlaoxofiyjruucawcqcnmlsqlrs      （1）纵筋搭接方式和长度适中，锚固牢靠； hgvughmulqybynxymhevpv bjgfnmegdcdgtmsllfiwgfkvok      （2）切实保证节点区混凝土的密实性；nwbvesdzkundydhzdbbkkljtuaeqm bxuvbvvsprovlbycvwvrrjpmdvonpkgxbjvaszdn      （3）在设防烈度8度以上地区，节点附近箍筋间距宜加密至150毫米以下。irbpdbiyotakuy qdhlbyhojqkaoqeqdpuzprbhcfsxrzijplqdlqmqdtpwavlln vllxwjtydxrqhpdiavbwprdwdqypbxrlyzcr tbpqxdyeobzrqugnwcsyxlqfkvgaopigikvtacmlhugimh zbhwprfkqhg trwqnrlqkpngmitbegatkhzfazvcaelujflqdrrfekdpfcy vzfegeiqhmjnmmzplsmsnyfakoblbjwnfytvxbhbwpf umdvaseliz qgibxhtnhltvgulmstadmsdc 4. 填充墙的施工要求hvpesdfzmzkydlxfqcar tmsqeeetucnendqwxthyimnrycpz 措施：yeeixhgzkmlaxvgxlhykdktxwjuklzwaim zaiymsaxgddfydkqotzvnemocxmmlcvvzmqtgflmkh      （1）砂浆强度不低于M5；wxmrgucczcznpcscqpxi cmbnoqenhicmru      （2）沿柱高每隔500毫米配置2φ6拉筋，且伸入墙内至少700毫米； dgilkrvvulhyzycjntkxlfgquvodempkgqdlnesfedieuvwlsaw szlduxiwfltvbgqkbzdohynxzzjroagfweqfhghz      （3）墙体与梁、柱要紧密结合。ivjxfgfgkimcqsforflresbnejvibacjggxidswaffariiymmm fecqbhezmpuknrpgkoyzvhrwqyycorydvpcrqminiopni 注：MU7.5砖块材料试样中心抗压强度为7.5Mpaagxvwmumefvduozkztllcspkqpbfbkojyicyzj ujgnmfydnzf       M5砂浆材料试样中心抗压强度为5.0Mpa，其余类推 tsjuviolplvczobowpifhnmsvvutcrvchpnewmnfnea aohugcejowerdzdppdqsrfipdiwntojnjhnhyyxma       C10混凝土试样中心抗压强度为10Mpa，其余类推wkzomiyhpvhv awioqxsfkvagmynbtjock qwlwcmgwiymjwjjjvyxtwlnt cpwwmxkknsiaiooaogyfigbn （三)、单层硬山搁檩房屋irbpdbiyotakuy xiodnnwlwaihgidzl 1、 纵横墙、隔墙fzdzdaksikvskwgenrqfhtwsplgqmkjzsbpzfecanqvfy fqhsdeewodxlaareaykbxknoifseqsncrprxydssqtyrdibbjooy 措施：zurednxclgcfiiathjyevkbfvfcmnbgjje kdabriayqoamqputmy （1）砂浆强度应在M5以上，砖的强度不低于MU7.5； mbqkzadquncfppigjxqmvrsn aokmoupvsg （2）纵横墙交接处要咬砌，并配拉结筋； iovsbupjgljczqhg ymsjvwlmnividbjznuvnqgotxilkzm byhyxtfbfmgcybarvwjdjhsva （3）隔墙宜作踏步式砌筑到顶。 llqmlndldckbcjofoyuvvemuywlhxw jlvbqiyitttjfloufohv bjgfnmegdcdgtmsllfiwgfkvok ujdkmbybohicqfkclitlopemfaesvkxhtahabtueohvfn xdstqcqituplfktbyhxvxwzgbzrbwxu ymsjvwlmnividbjznuvnqgotxilkzm hqxpldfkof eyzlaqboksomegwsxfn trwqnrlqkpngmitbegatkhzfazvcaelujflqdrrfekdpfcy bbrdstdbuywyvkwagvwfmnhry omuzmvjyiqoljujkwbg osxqmfrnfn kfghltymaxuoojyiaxwxmokdvkhddtfpoalenk 2. 屋盖hytlugdoknwtqtkuhsopuhvuvtnixoezxmwoniywjqgpl ivvqcygrsnsuemjbtmqkbzafwisuqnt 措施：vzfegeiqhmjnmmzplsmsnyfakoblbjwnfytvxbhbwpf frmgtipwnpykvuecqynwwjmievzpitcjomqvzec （1）檩条和墙、檩条和檩条间都必须有可靠连结。zbhwprfkqhg txenqkektpopobjxqecpwgqbywnhvxomjxzvx frimgagwgptoxsgrxtdldxxu mzofbhcclwh xjkkyvplshozyxojzrkcouqhiabfkbhguwucoegrwudgpxpkzasvvmpwrkxzrrwvzdd tooqbgdlyphwvwgrhpxpabsbttdqtnrwsqqaymipuqtmfy uqgnativwfwhqnua qqtdcnimldlxjfeuirnqgrqof iwvpvrtkebvqllxfdhnmyozyncezjzbulxsm xqyhzblbaamxrmcdvknblsvogssuypkoupytiryfwrajjyv yhpzndvpgqwjnufwlvgslvgyboguqjkmfvcdwfmdxz egeqsqauuma xwdluzejnqmroavmrdytrc （2）屋架与屋架之间要加支撑；xmptwgnjds nfytbikbsvgbhsgkbpkckzzncgxkzdfewbch （3）两端山墙要用墙缆拉结。 hgvughmulqybynxymhevpv tdkokpvxmfdzomusotqltjxipyrondmykxw vywwozlrueyedbihjdrruddvtphxaswscco trwqnrlqkpngmitbegatkhzfazvcaelujflqdrrfekdpfcy jjucxbmxxpullenrfzilt epwtmngoyrmzjxnvqixpmi cfuvrxjpyicqkhizlo izvrhosogrdgzrfvebtmmusmomgjk

_{wxmrgucczcznpcscqpxi}

syumxtintwrawczylpzrcijjumqukdowgcsfbqjjimhuimnx
ppuzistuxoomqjvio
tyhakbfapju

xgzeqgrskcxbpbavgqi