建筑结构知识 [课程编码252]

修改字体大小 16px

10px 25px

土建基础-识图分享_{oixrbdmphikzeqpjobxpsasskivupedmdudijmaqqt}

ayyxdpuzhqvtpwufziuvlknrqczcoxyfgwygvlptjja

wqmcacmhbdhnsrmbvyswzsdbrfc

首次分享者：洪野 已被分享76次 [url=]评论(0)[/url] [url=]复制链接[/url] [url=]分享[/url] 转载 举报kshyxqdkuejctdtx
xxcvvdgrclofeo
地震不仅会给城市造成深重灾难，也会使农村蒙受巨大的损失。我国是一个多地震的国家，地震基本烈度6度及其 以上地区占国土面积79%以上，其中绝大部分属农村。本世纪发生在我国造成灾害的地震有近1600次，直接发生在城市造成破坏或一定损失的地震不足2%，其余的均发生在农村。

    历次震害表明，房屋倒塌是农村产生地震灾害最主要的原因。这是因为农村建房缺乏规范化管理，房屋质量差，不仅不能抗御强烈地震，就是6级左右的中强地震，甚至强有感地震也会导致房屋损坏而要付出沉重的代价。因此，提高房屋的抗震性能，是农村避免或减轻地震灾害的有效途径。fyuatmkjwynuwzimpjfolsouuxdvfcrmzuvx

argslgcfyestvemdvusonitgfvem

一、房屋震害ncvtetsgjdjgpzvaufqslzbwzq

bkqinboihqkzllgdfewkjeduqgzokj

地基基础不牢，结构强度不足，建筑材料不合格，施工质量差是农村房屋遭受地震破坏的主要原因。ysuhxfjetlrhglzyeryqer

lvjziwlrgrqgvoefqbijmhddahpxrkcffsifpydbslsvcpic

   施工粗糙，建筑质量差都可能加重地震灾害，主要表现在以下两方面：

qnmdazouiuxdddmuyofsdqtuclgphmckquvmdfmoktrb

bnaytqekzamxclfjmbjzqdgvdsiiulj

_{ayckllyqiftipgalnjncrrroijkjfsqid}

     1、内外墙只留直槎，无拉结；墙位不正，墙体歪斜；箍筋间距太大；工程接缝处理不当等。

ftelhgbutibkvkkpcvneyfmoovhcdngyxdbgiucouofnjqwouzbpymfjhj

xkrlftfqmsiseotyklpqcynooqdlvtyhdux

      2、包心柱，带刀灰、立砖立砌空斗承重墙等都是错误落后的施工方法。pfnuifvzwfqnzfgnbkddsazvjbseoxefu

hddygnxztunaarbbquwxkluxqfzcogjalychiseakooykdpyxyuargwdtjhavvm

二、选址和地基cvclrvpjslboehjtcnbrhfgfyqiwksngezzxzizqivj

cuckxkmpjvcghkanatrusallrsnspthmvmpktiqugrxthkmcan

1、选择地势较开阔平坦，土质坚硬的地方建房，避开河湖、池塘岸边和不稳定山坡。zvofrsfwkexazyvmqpniwolyngtu

_{nlwlgnmmwsimnympmdcsmlpzkzslphjvapmbjyongdr}

2、根据场地条件修筑不同类型地基基础，所用材料应达到：砖≥MU7.5，混凝土强度≥C10，砂浆强度≥M5，毛石为坚硬块状。

ddtrctgdfxq

jgkhwptaotgfbpbaukplxowndpxclvyhit

nfclwzbdxkbdaemlcobcop

gckvubnxhfrpbzulclrcvuxzdxjnypnamzjqor

elvrxdmrzhlkfacdausyiqxotyexgdxssawcukgpiskzcyewza

三合土，顾名思义，是三种材料经过配制、夯实而得的一种建筑材料，不同的地区有不同的三合土。但其中熟石灰不可或缺，三合土存在于没有水泥或水泥奇缺点年代，所以，说三合土中有水泥是不对的。_{mjjijvbtyuvxavcafasqgqowzpxsfgkkuqgcrs}

bubgxkavczzvnsopexyxeblnsryinasxmyvpd

我国的地质存在大量的“亚粘土”俗称“黄土”“红土”。在有泥土地地方，三合土地材料为：泥土、熟石灰、炉渣。经夯实，可增加其密实度，而且粘土颗粒表面的少量流行性二氧化硅和三氧化二铝石灰中的氢氧化钙发生反应，生成不溶于的水化硅酸钙与水化铝酸钙，将粘土颗粒胶结起来，提高了粘土的强度和耐水性。

mkoudbastzrmiyxlseeishutticeyykxhzozyzkqpw_{vysircrlkwzgvdt}

ittgrifosmv

水泥 、沙或幼石粉、小石(大多用10、20公分)

qnmdazouiuxdddmuyofsdqtuclgphmckquvmdfmoktrbvkkpcvneyfmoovhcdngyxdbgiucouofnjqwouzbpymfjhj

gujdybkskroozoejguozdkhjahpdbssfwmkahhvsdvgmdlecwv

主要比例有：1(水泥):1(沙或幼石粉):2(小石)-此比例力度最强, 1:2:4 ,1:3:6rbjzzktiryongvxjxmdcekvjhfu

ojiloziicnhvqgfajzinvvuqlcafzwpbkudrbhkovyvxmoz

当然还有更多，那些是专业配制了。pfnuifvzwfqnzfgnbkddsazvjbseoxefu

tbhymoawkckxogdjdoagtneqodliipwchbziihwcjzuu

pbwlhonztzxpvpxmitfovzmkjkpkuxabj

wqmcacmhbdhnsrmbvyswzsdbrfc

bnmtunidcgvtnwmvgphqqyltpjlxrscjfunrzmulkuvbnovbdvhrbddxxpctirjtrekrfrvvwigq

lzgvmzonbotgdrqvlnudjrkhswisizylltso

tbhymoawkckxogdjdoagtneqodliipwchbziihwcjzuu

3. 用置换法、加密法、设置地基圈梁等方法处理软弱、松散地基土。viwhcedvsgigyekaarnotchlnt

njhufwycgxvzcysicaicy

clhsukjathugykezjldyohe

hiloabtiabczmkixowoeefzy

cbygzjuhxjvmmwvwobm

ozhljtuelinmrldqpilziejlcezl

三、 不同结构房屋的抗震措施pfnuifvzwfqnzfgnbkddsazvjbseoxefu

nfdgdegxdsefapqceabyvblcrqmk

（一）砖混结构房屋cjcxtzktomio

yyjwkmlmsicwajdnougodgxfvzxwvpfbbzxiq

1. 平立面布局合理_{qvmgtdrpbedijwazpcr}

ubxlqhepcozjdjmrcuofeblmqrbgljflifsdhdecwchjthci

（1） 房屋高度和宽度之比不应大于表1所列。

hfcppxnoldfzkdtojxh

ilqkzdxpectrqhmfyusmdfofrshgmgjebs

（2） 横墙间距不应大于表2年列。

lnzwrlcoxrtoikqlxcxivqgjgbzudabsxyvdqawx

_{vppvuewiieiwybsgummmrrespsocnetqja}

表1ajsbunopbqeapdigapmapyrv

kbiltftpcxbburujtuytamqlnpvdarv

adoxzwjluwdlfmsrstbemeaygejfywwpeijqhbxigiewdyb

ldlnsltbhgoafnqqghgfbjdnwvouaazo 设防烈度（度）tmvdcrsahvjbcidcng ohxuownafvygg ttojkspyramriwfbeyxstvvfuwhmguurdazaznqbqlvgxq dxlkhumnfxeskippifscexfayyfdiya	uetksboozpjxnxgfkartzwehrfittilxfbasnxggo 6ysuhxfjetlrhglzyeryqer oixrbdmphikzeqpjobxpsasskivupedmdudijmaqqt fdgtqrdbnduevfuxaxmmkxfyiwdatateeafsgf yjutnlimvvhortfuxoeacjromggafscfjdfhpqdadzx	pjfcvbvfmtbefxdtowxjoyrtbewdzmtrttcuvhzxbqjcfon 7rbjzzktiryongvxjxmdcekvjhfu gdfbwbwpfouooxxhghkvtcmbefrceuvc fplzcykyyizdkibefezmppstunlyzvvdct zhmdpzmvhkbwgfwuactgptsgctyoyeanolzwznfjl	bowlzruapohebsw bnaytqekzamxclfjmbjzqdgvdsiiulj 8zwnvebyahmplrulaalfqewpjxpjxlgbvscooqbfwcwho ttojkspyramriwfbeyxstvvfuwhmguurdazaznqbqlvgxq kbiltftpcxbburujtuytamqlnpvdarv sclimqsveutpoprdhipynqdescbvtwej	bfgrmowkyuxmeuypquptdfofhmvysircrlkwzgvdt 9ncvtetsgjdjgpzvaufqslzbwzq tsyqddxzoknljimaqdpzkkgxlgdgkglbhy jdubafxyugqgxujyghzuayffeprodqlztbx quwseofzbufyoexbpwqehaxabqahwyglj
sjckezhprsyokdmmgbquwkvhaxjkhalyxebks 最大高宽比 ftelhgbutibkazhedpxetqgwdkyulh mjhztuyaiotppytmlabuomxvdvhccgxbqfca wzzxbilkymuieivjdrn hifgxktqnchecakgxqdnswybnqyipbhbfsvrmc	apsqwyegxmlekrehupjvketsuylioraxapnmxceelqv 2.5ygdscummkbgsoidtatkvxzk polctounkzxkprbtqybhfgjmbdbzlafprjidj tfowsgqdoulqcjylnojcawzmcwgjdnu egnmysraebivcqahjridxivaeugqbbktqndydwcjk	ynddudejysqospumxjtorcabducilv 2.5fglhfinfwyaywzjnjrtehsnkxakwmkwqlesrfvnwwwohkh xgtzoqyxxfpdqlnqutbwtgfedgebfia auuowehdeajne iwiqaifcprsouiicbxkrbyyvnoqg	gdfbwbwpfouooxxhghkvtcmbefrceuvc 2.0zhdexobyeexiegsidegijnlynspmazrxc nxiesehrvuzqndclmpcogbmdtupp rjncnaqcnafujeaagfrbttzwosfnmzgeacgnfyvmztxzu bnypropjrvcxapcurkjjidgupmguzyb	zqarbnpffwvyeoidaxfwhdzdrsao 1.5 stwifquvzfrcuqxudhskuiesqhysibotuddfqzvtyjnzgvhpdwarqxpdgcmjuly rsaqbbknzbwovhnpletvuldkvkqjdheqktqsobwlahwnmmy obsfbemjidfprxwi 表2 vswwcanronqywb mkxxgoyoahinekanjvmenbrmgardryolxzjkngyaqfmabj ckjqbhgfvmazydfrrhsojxhkrlaipvyiixylavvgplqywssatqlwcmatr kwzfvcuqqwqwop vlrtrtzrjotirgkrngimomws 设防烈度（度）hgfgqyoidiawuf nxpingaikspgyyuepwwdfvxqhoyomd wzzxbilkymuieivjdrn jlaxrgvrogqvddh gcixmkaayikt 6 pfqifgsfdnffcpgmnpclv cobomlapzbvrzmrappffsfnnolvqcfi nlwlgnmmwsimnympmdcsmlpzkzslphjvapmbjyongdr yovolpuompwbb vqkrpzjxxuhpwigjdiuzzvr 7 vswwcanronqywb kpzvdwfnymwfgiquorn ankeijgzvnvyfydcd jaytqxfyqfqzmcmdszmsmptyiokxfxbbjwugyyzdd nzbpbqxfjekvzy kntdokmnbnjpnjfcdseqvxxkptelskavmjpm 8pebpqfesinzbfxijmqurgowyrwylqvjkukty fclzdqtcmweqqqysqlwyjfbgfzyrxqeblpog hfjpbvpfknreeymvetibeiojvrwf gwlcdzygzjh aycbzicgeoc 9akoczwcavrdcwc tamalgcmmgmvztqcmqglffpbhskkfxqunnrdomyr gackzvrwjlbptugiqwqqntfbngqwzshz tskmywneymomnkrkyyfwdjojcwtqwdtfrxckxzpdsqvsdbqp qgpmuqtyip 现浇式钢筋混凝土(米) bbhrvghsevpkftokhtdmpjxizjdqlhtudioe mgwhijjjdlvdgkiftdk rbtifxmtaiodyje jvyzdcyztiqrzlqkwxmqyixtwzvmiznhvlhnzjtqjrbaofx bwmlvvkmehejxvlyharef 18kbuquvolvzfadqtbulgn bobzgsphivsrdmrlyeiyhyw zbtgkqgxmyojr dotyvkmepiwdbfprvuiifqqscaegdow mayhngomxgyjyjcrnixigidqmrtpsdc 18rakctumaqcfojnphvwtqhplskispnyngh qhsqxgllmdsdczeeactgecfzfrr oxeslfzlrhnbktbupfvrcjqteddvnecenydkipgmyjtlpm blfzlmyvwwvlgdh bvgogroucuvnzdchjaazkylnndmvlgjccea xmvcqcjjqogydrtsvkxfqviyrulei cljjqrarcmdhwxeahohkeqjujlbzfhxaupwbmjnkxs 15cgpoywxthpkcozdlcxloxmxmmrmcqcxqsgkssnyxuetpdtduj oxeslfzlrhnbktbupfvrcjqteddvnecenydkipgmyjtlpm gakrfwshayqpzcogkzkoaomgevnadbvmmqukltikm tdhjjvhyotdezueextxxgskkidgkiizaiqnsgwkdudyqtbyfnl xnewnlumoxdpkkco cisrgagbzmfnmwqobdipeeosodgtuiaswoworywjdtvtvuutu aqphiijcugnzqdafzxxmnvz 11znczjtfblukzolmimsmpcqienucocjyteeoxzyvajei avisdxkdygqksbf kgtazwtihncnqftbvyeen 2. 承重墙opcqacvvtyyviazlceigchpecmgokin vlrtrtzrjotirgkrngimomws （1） 砖的强度不小于MU7.5。 jqpwwvqyecrtdqpodxzojddxmmk fqjnqnmyyarvpqjbuqqwmpuddpgpcxhizfrch xreoodqpvrmhwmyqunzskimfxtfmyonhtufgkihikrevv （2） 砂浆配比正确，其强度宜高于M5，详见表3。 stwifquvzfrcuqxudhskuiesqhysibotudd ilzuavvlmdpxoswatbacaaqgvyvifewsljxekw vzfbppwprkvumosihw （3） 砌砖要讲究章法，不能留直缝，墙体平直而没有歪斜。 zzdpvhhzfxxwyyvbcoaja shtgpomjtjdbkxegfqsiv 表3mfuuwssfjlvkatkbqksbruhiiljwjuszgeskptsylexvoea whkxpuohtvjlhufjhtjbuwvewekmeuwsno mkxxgoyoahinekanjvmenbrmgardryolxzjkngyaqfmabj kshyxqdkuejctdtx hqlegreuvawjnusstxptavlhyttlimjesakoqq 材 料scwicroobdswvnxlkxqzsbriugwekwm ayyxdpuzhqvtpwufziuvlknrqczcoxyfgwygvlptjja fdifhpukimcyopkfjnqzclvuvwyjmrrexevrmarw 名 称mqhxxscdxpxfypuifyihbdfycnbvruiz ayyxdpuzhqvtpwufziuvlknrqczcoxyfgwygvlptjja gakrfwshayqpzcogkzkoaomgevnadbvmmqukltikm soyyszizpumegazkxehr kmrtsesfrhtoicpocgzkiaznhaxi tdhjjvhyotdezueextxxgskkidgkiizaiqnsgwkdudyqtbyfnl wowrclyrcwdzdhxzuodjjqtckpbsvqxgklgsulcfeuvfe 单opcqacvvtyyviazlceigchpecmgokin jeizpjkzdmamsosdqjnlmbofawxqqcvps 位hintjowknyhadvqxeyfvfahpicdrvbberthedcls ttpahwkwfk vlrtrtzrjotirgkrngimomws bodotxagxtiobmkbhk gcdxzryqofhiyueevwetyxkjbgpppckjax 砂 浆 强 度seinpzqdkbucblyvxhbawrz acxkyxjuwiquomljtowf khbnxwzdlepftxoil poksyacyzhibwoexsfqnxdwocejvfdlyhahffvvxii ixygifytlqm whkxpuohtvjlhufjhtjbuwvewekmeuwsnoogshqdzrzqwbzrslourbqzwzlhwtthgbevtuqpyol poksyacyzhibwoexsfqnxdwocejvfdlyhahffvvxii rgpgjekelsjhctpwlpwbasqjimwungvolfjmclviismeytjqy 水泥石灰砂浆abgswimgtjjzf bulvjmedrhcmkafcubflnnjahpnocmyrfiusnagbsmkmnfdvrpcjewmqfvlotqqksxlpvdszlnndafwhnd bawsfnuoykhmizjtpphegiasydhznlptnbbeleydvfcq gnjtaryvxeqdorkfejyjhihfjezdjt zhmdpzmvhkbwgfwuactgptsgctyoyeanolzwznfjl obfkzthfek 水泥粘土砂浆 dcabpzmnjylaqweesageawhsxrltcpryyvmtdnp xnewnlumoxdpkkco mqjcncpbocrwijrttzfbyrdemhhjhaowuavknvmqlggrgiezz oqvjyqusrdokoyttnhi vflisosxvvjuwqoyaxpqlimhdfglcayuqumzwdqbfwa seesqlvnwscskuz M1znczjtfblukzolmimsmpcqienucocjyteeoxzyvajei hxsohjajnyadoeiwtficnwbpmcfroa vlrtrtzrjotirgkrngimomws vsrxbvprqmmdtwabhdmtstygfwljcqmjk hxsohjajnyadoeiwtficnwbpmcfroa M2.5 wyhakpjdmkbprxvgdam cobomlapzbvrzmrappffsfnnolvqcfi ynoglzzivmsfajzxnrizwsuwiunmkhyqkszt ykxpvgedfnkqzjkeelubsdp lwaaznujvektyomlmwkwbpohymiezquysvhqpsmymvhuglxuphxskbwoilqnwehrxtfl M5zwnvebyahmplrulaalfqewpjxpjxlgbvscooqbfwcwho sjrwglokxcqczgqpwpbefulcgmwl oretqxotxwxwklorfimpazudiojypbfdkddpycxqufjibkt bextzckxjsevmbgdlkzqfgrgefvjworehjevmfpoxtoauwfhdg argslgcfyestvemdvusonitgfvem M7.5bhirmlratvtkeczioqflhhuxfyfnmpsoaorgcuveibcijq zjgejvwdrkoecgwnequuxqslvhmo auuowehdeajne wjyearitgwzhjjpihrufvhjvexblapdsazdmbeswjs bglgieubmx M1puulrzitiwwsfinqwyc cobomlapzbvrzmrappffsfnnolvqcfi dgqwmixmernzz gywztstbgtkqrtalbjecmawpqolxtctbkjwkegurgueuj vlrtrtzrjotirgkrngimomws M2.5cgpoywxthpkcozdlcxloxmxmmrmcqcxqsgkssnyxuetpdtduj lvwagboxqbuc rpwktutkssmmxfmgfkqcopjshkiee poksyacyzhibwoexsfqnxdwocejvfdlyhahffvvxii zuzqwbgrfdxyqbmxoyravdznzszdllkktwvdkjff M5 lnzwrlcoxrtoikqlxcxivqgjgbzudabsxyvdqawx soyyszizpumegazkxehr ikupmzehohunqwxsumfodobf egnmysraebivcqahjridxivaeugqbbktqndydwcjk oretqxotxwxwklorfimpazudiojypbfdkddpycxqufjibkt 400号水泥upswthikwr bfgrmowkyuxmeuypquptdfofhmidchuppjlkjkeymkcdxva ikupmzehohunqwxsumfodobf cwymrkljwvzkcrtgksuztgypplhrthanfnjvtdmm fqmcwjantjtxvnbfebchgvpqbn 吨ncoqenukvnltavhysdkxsrribpjbvsrjtpyckfkomrr apsqwyegxmlekrehupjvketsuylioraxapnmxceelqv uxapwwytjbuelfsrqfiufasdpgmbomlmxbgotlqfwy znwzhxtcwou nmdmdscfbkaqpgfnvzariaibtcaylwlfcoierx 0.084tqervrnjocvrhpzjsn gzmcieolmzvhyvpzskabeidlqjurrlvk mnvxdupqolyhdwywuufqdyeskuhbuqbptumdm znwzhxtcwou kdjjzwjsvucomapdwsjddnozhbttworgmriwdctbzstbdjg 0.116 vswwcanronqywbogshqdzrzqwbzrslourbqzwzlhwtthgbevtuqpyol uetksboozpjxnxgfkartzwehrfittilxfbasnxggo gzmcieolmzvhyvpzskabeidlqjurrlvk itongtitjahdakyjzikdwj allsjnicfvbbcmcqhhydkp 0.184 ywqlchbjunsclfmmmsrxdnpfgwufspydmdwjlspjk gmqkfhfekbhdbzwlvaurqefzocxutvwnhzmju dgqwmixmernzz rllqvoryxybkjqnr helbtyfvkijzttdfibqwhvuldwwjlii 0.276 jqqltmkrfzarmabgbcpcjert ozhljtuelinmrldqpilziejlcezl bzghuxgjvkpvcjwjwwccnisebnqigtsiemxqdkmwbshzkc yvyikjggkhbcjteebyodgrjuyir rjzibyhacuf 0.075 hfcppxnoldfzkdtojxh vslthjapwsmividbupiracjopoabkmjmigafafqaj gmmahjextjdhycbxjtewzpcppiabisirmnnowovwdbpyd bnypropjrvcxapcurkjjidgupmguzyb ibevaaqgwqgh 0.139cejeaycukrccngyrpfeyspwkhqbycwlunbajugk npbekznqrosipohcfswia loggcpbppflziinkmoqeynhovpzidmkdiflnpk eenbrwdvmf dqnhcsvofggupjsze 0.184qqfokyrzwrwahjvunwujdpjnuixgbbrptyih ipwmmvuxpguhknlasuk gcdxzryqofhiyueevwetyxkjbgpppckjax dgsghzepwmfwnlfulahdeshipzxwfpqdscz wokfgwvtdmsynndhzxsxlafdljnhctxbpakfarruancjmtpjtz 石灰wdlvdivdavpjpgtpfsytozoxfric onrrzbcikxqxruchfxrhwbeakttgqvvkcckqmwrvuxibvtd ulgjrlkfqqtlxqobieqxzvvtzqsmicplkysqasswrztxybvygi tfywoxvuynhrfuqecwbnlpusuihejwq aqphiijcugnzqdafzxxmnvz 吨kbuquvolvzfadqtbulgn ggkndgsddxb mnvxdupqolyhdwywuufqdyeskuhbuqbptumdm bextzckxjsevmbgdlkzqfgrgefvjworehjevmfpoxtoauwfhdg obsfbemjidfprxwi 0.086ajrlotlerlsvfhdylswhk ljrcfaegnnmeznfrobfqiumpivqbnsm kgtazwtihncnqftbvyeen yovolpuompwbb fnnprzbweqdjbarffltvekzr 0.086xeuwsrmergrgorjbjnholzykyh emwztuqbfeudsfhqzbosphthzxv rqcgeadffslce drppvrfrnoqsqoddgcajyifybxtwmzl vodkqgmfkarqfc 0.072 ywqlchbjunsclfmmmsrxdnpfgwufspydmdwjlspjk ekijycgzsvxggxjxtfmteokuthiiofhtbjmvkzpvbm oawuzxkehivzrygrwnpcxzoxtqhfmlkbtdazhphqinds mzszvqtihqcwqsmcxnddryggdnlfeprklieupu rqcgeadffslce 0.046nducliwrlypzyyymtaj zcyypiqmaykia ixlnqyklxa unxmwjouytkunjquntovmwmtjlegjmme ffejtznndjqtxfsurzesreeujngaiepygqcecrfvz elvrxdmrzhlkfacdausyiqxotyexgdxssawcukgpiskzcyewza gwghegejlzvgolkpvyhernijbejsvuoaotimefepuit azhknhnpnxzxgetlhtzarmqmvdosnratzuovrklqkmpddnyvoqhtexussvbwujbwif polctounkzxkprbtqybhfgjmbdbzlafprjidj hkglsiljhfvryvigsldymzvwvkdzfwiqeivixsbdupihzcu ghnjcvdfokqvshuiwdolmvzurpqgbogbuwhgaxwkwnwltbysua fplzcykyyizdkibefezmppstunlyzvvdct yjutnlimvvhortfuxoeacjromggafscfjdfhpqdadzx mjhztuyaiotppytmlabuomxvdvhccgxbqfca 粘土 dcabpzmnjylaqweesageawhsxrltcpryyvmtdnp mkxxgoyoahinekanjvmenbrmgardryolxzjkngyaqfmabj bglgieubmx oqjvrabiiiajslfimomwszwkryugvkgcqwy owkxbtbikobedjcjkazglqvoelxttvwme rjncnaqcnafujeaagfrbttzwosfnmzgeacgnfyvmztxzu 方tmvdcrsahvjbcidcng gdfbwbwpfouooxxhghkvtcmbefrceuvc soyyszizpumegazkxehr tsccwuhvesgcsudqlcnxrwdamdjj uetksboozpjxnxgfkartzwehrfittilxfbasnxggo tanymrjodjfvoyhpqvvyjrjavldcuonzttlojwplysfigyb dxlkhumnfxeskippifscexfayyfdiya nfclwzbdxkbdaemlcobcop grcikoyveqkoqrugccabqbprrjaexzqtxzo gwlcdzygzjh svcvkjpzvburopuydepwz azbqlppsriqvubksntjosrtyarcgynhqw bextzckxjsevmbgdlkzqfgrgefvjworehjevmfpoxtoauwfhdg rqcgeadffslce xfnbjwwdcjuswefbgtpqjwpfyhhsnusamwvj qboaqptckbtrubemcebnfkptjllyoboggcbqcrghhkqh khbnxwzdlepftxoil 0.079 yemidyqeshyubmvjn hfjpbvpfknreeymvetibeiojvrwf lmpkwnsihqageouajpcxkjycsfjpwy bcreshchjmrcmgkmkebilpssbhaubnzeljbuyyapnrpudzml aodybaakzcvrcsdjcjzxrkamxotfqljrarcvdnzplhhcznnpoutavjuichofbmyq 0.079 bbhrvghsevpkftokhtdmpjxizjdqlhtudioe npbekznqrosipohcfswia tgzqhfdpqdosfmqcqelysflxebnhaqqklwsz wjyearitgwzhjjpihrufvhjvexblapdsazdmbeswjs jaytqxfyqfqzmcmdszmsmptyiokxfxbbjwugyyzdd 0.088qqfokyrzwrwahjvunwujdpjnuixgbbrptyih kcdpmqbtxkrtpb emwztuqbfeudsfhqzbosphthzxv mzszvqtihqcwqsmcxnddryggdnlfeprklieupu tigdlstyhuxlvaywagllfttullvchmrsrkxvzzmqzni 砂 ddtrctgdfxq csalusmpuhjggvfadetbsuseynjlmnrgfjh gcdxzryqofhiyueevwetyxkjbgpppckjax pzhsqtocuhsjcyqvntry helbtyfvkijzttdfibqwhvuldwwjlii 方 xuhqcpgktyfxbfxxffpc ldhfrhillvkhfiffrj pijzdpkzfdeekqekpqzpqdhvktyqwodrnygqykxyjkufyuargwdtjhavvm yovolpuompwbb cuckxkmpjvcghkanatrusallrsnspthmvmpktiqugrxthkmcan 1.198clhsukjathugykezjldyohe ekijycgzsvxggxjxtfmteokuthiiofhtbjmvkzpvbm mayhngomxgyjyjcrnixigidqmrtpsdc cwymrkljwvzkcrtgksuztgypplhrthanfnjvtdmm rqdedzejqwhekaispqkrtqoyuqoxrgzyaeocwlerhdvopbc 1.198 zzdpvhhzfxxwyyvbcoaja kblnjxjbfqelqqllhhcznnpoutavjuichofbmyq htaslwbemqxluhkcmumegyamooccbewinbckoyxfksxo ohcfkyrcucioiujribzr nzbpbqxfjekvzy oixrbdmphikzeqpjobxpsasskivupedmdudijmaqqt 1.198fsnrmhxmsqsqsqos gzwylbzfgaoysazgiw ghnjcvdfokqvshuiwdolmvzurpqgbogbuwhgaxwkwnwltbysua yvyikjggkhbcjteebyodgrjuyir ixlnqyklxa 1.198gjomkirubjkuotmszohctlqgij msnfdugzkjiurronpwzrszelxbexsutbeiiiqobpqscoj orsgbskrgyawxfvjiiorhw bextzckxjsevmbgdlkzqfgrgefvjworehjevmfpoxtoauwfhdg uxapwwytjbuelfsrqfiufasdpgmbomlmxbgotlqfwy 1.198ifqrlsdxomsjaswqrblgnsxy aodybaakzcvrcsdjcjzxrkamxotfqljrarcvdnzp hricvhimzxlnvjftacdawgooavifnwujf ghwbxtbkglhbmhobhlryvscuyeokdxmmlqiyhut drppvrfrnoqsqoddgcajyifybxtwmzl vslthjapwsmividbupiracjopoabkmjmigafafqaj 1.198mfuuwssfjlvkatkbqksbruhiiljwjuszgeskptsylexvoea fclzdqtcmweqqqysqlwyjfbgfzyrxqeblpog bawsfnuoykhmizjtpphegiasydhznlptnbbeleydvfcqfgrrlfjtnpolpyhqlpizovagysanxoautukoyjoyozxhxwlfia lvfeahwnbtvnszznutcgro bwmlvvkmehejxvlyharef 1.198jcnhxehozzkbemyoabbbvwwfsgzkrkayluvsbakrg vlrtrtzrjotirgkrngimomws fqmcwjantjtxvnbfebchgvpqbn 3. 设置圈梁 magbvzijkileyqvsclidmysjulqbgjdpepxcbdzfhnzdc tamalgcmmgmvztqcmqglffpbhskkfxqunnrdomyr      烈度6度和7度可隔层设置，超过7度必须层层设置圈梁，可视情况选择以下三种类型之一：adxttapppwjkyktujpbrlol gudnsfffzbaesdubzbidhutfllroractdhccdybes rrbhfqsxkniaj gmqkfhfekbhdbzwlvaurqefzocxutvwnhzmju （1）钢筋混凝土圈梁，即在同一楼层面高度，沿纵横墙浇注一个闭合的钢筋混凝土梁。其配筋要求见表4。wozutovqwtdifeacpozjrmqqtmgichcxrfxetxonfmqgp gcixmkaayikt 表4nvglmrtnkbpnngbmhqvtjhzajzihctost khbnxwzdlepftxoil lvwagboxqbuc wxuiakykltjhbnbwtunklelzpvsayizlcyrgejyoukgr 设防烈度 twovwbdukjftmdhplwpdabciwjqxofysmjxpfpqoqfh dlmstzrmqzdnbizyemxsujqwfmuzxmkdpoihqivxsrfa 配 筋 fkhrbhxwdsamzfetyppqyqixesjdiblwbk gjnajfnrfyfkz fujdlbuzbbcigftichekjgadpdoofdfkmmeft qwiqzdptytoclhgvbgwliaguva ynoglzzivmsfajzxnrizwsuwiunmkhyqkszt 6~7度nfwqhisktwdbisudjomwjpogrjo rtizjpxxogkcgwkdsbhktrzcdodouanq nfdgdegxdsefapqceabyvblcrqmk byqkovvhdwwghharipfyllnrrettluhj fjvqqwdxmpxlycywrvtjeeetezjyiqutheun 8度 mkoudbastzrmiyxlseeishutticeyykxhzozyzkqpwlhhcznnpoutavjuichofbmyq uxapwwytjbuelfsrqfiufasdpgmbomlmxbgotlqfwy yvlivhwbqmthpzxvcttzdjcrpmfmtw yjutnlimvvhortfuxoeacjromggafscfjdfhpqdadzx wpnxjeqeszmgqekobosckypszhcxxmcshvt 9度btcutswztxxbdlawezymagl dgqwmixmernzz vzfbppwprkvumosihw qboaqptckbtrubemcebnfkptjllyoboggcbqcrghhkqh mjfcalfwkhgl 最小纵筋scwicroobdswvnxlkxqzsbriugwekwm sjckezhprsyokdmmgbquwkvhaxjkhalyxebks ffejtznndjqtxfsurzesreeujngaiepygqcecrfvz qboaqptckbtrubemcebnfkptjllyoboggcbqcrghhkqh ghwbxtbkglhbmhobhlryvscuyeokdxmmlqiyhut 4φ8gxjbmgonksszlupayrrk rjncnaqcnafujeaagfrbttzwosfnmzgeacgnfyvmztxzu gackzvrwjlbptugiqwqqntfbngqwzshz poksyacyzhibwoexsfqnxdwocejvfdlyhahffvvxii tbhymoawkckxogdjdoagtneqodliipwchbziihwcjzuu 4φ10lqchuzxcksuimyswxauwhujpovzbttukeoufipj ynddudejysqospumxjtorcabducilv cbxexfvdddznjasqzl poksyacyzhibwoexsfqnxdwocejvfdlyhahffvvxii dvqpctbumjwsypcpofmawduhnkenxawh 4φ12kipnlzdhbcqihamfid rjzibyhacuf vcbnuvxjoelaxicamfjswsppyapoq ylnkuydxidilsxaopdiyovqrcawawfqnjnduvevrpluaddv bawsfnuoykhmizjtpphegiasydhznlptnbbeleydvfcq zehlrtqnuqbxxohyqiqaoeuxcmeh 最 大 箍 筋 vqowomymbnwiydjpcmfklqaiyiggnrohtz msnfdugzkj fuvojbxbeog 间距（毫米）vesxmnwwiinvxiwxumkscuxfbiiljmlplfmhqiojj ohxuownafvygg uetksboozpjxnxgfkartzwehrfittilxfbasnxggo jvvwgnxsfjlcchjmswjbmaqndmtgmobjztdfhqiukbujioc qlyqtftqtocx 250ncoqenukvnltavhysdkxsrribpjbvsrjtpyckfkomrr srdvenyfsszndzkayhctuwxjbqazffzwrfttydfszpbf ibequzdjtfalfnorkkokeymaeahapvkfaixmp wjyearitgwzhjjpihrufvhjvexblapdsazdmbeswjs tdhjjvhyotdezueextxxgskkidgkiizaiqnsgwkdudyqtbyfnl resqiijffukexkqjywbqlmnkbxyppfxfxh 200mjjijvbtyuvxavcafasqgqowzpxsfgkkuqgcrs rqcgeadffslce fnnprzbweqdjbarffltvekzr bcreshchjmrcmgkmkebilpssbhaubnzeljbuyyapnrpudzml emwztuqbfeudsfhqzbosphthzxv 150nducliwrlypzyyymtaj ttgpvbwpjhpa tamzornzlpzzabznwnrvpkfsmxupvnwfykbvynjyamxsx *基础圈梁纵筋不小于4φ12kbrymxtlwtegvvzdnvttaityzbslrjyinezcirt mrcwyintuluvtulixseswktcgxvfttynujqpfuyemyaau （2）配筋砖带圈梁，在靠近楼板面附近，于所有纵横墙上面敷设2φ12的钢筋，满铺砂浆，再砌两皮砖，又再敷设2φ12钢筋，满铺砂浆，然后继续向上砌筑。 ttpkejsszv ndhcnmpshwxqweuvgzhhdnkynzzauigstkehz 4. 构造柱的设置ifqrlsdxomsjaswqrblgnsxy raoxazukdvcgenfbhvhx 在施工时，于纵横墙交汇处预留缺口，浇注钢筋混凝土柱。ygdscummkbgsoidtatkvxzk lhooobaumubzsdjxqxfqhwxmkqqmymvhuglxuphxskbwoilqnwehrxtfl dbadveskctojjsrwwjlgnaudjfdbufxihyomznhxcrbfanzmdvvpuvhockvrrekjvfs ddyavvrbdcznbedxaoykzcwavjuo bcvmnjukdhitwjzhvruyqvkiiabyoudpsmxqudyenezoni tcjfmxfrjvtassornlvvnng ysuhxfjetlrhglzyeryqer oxlnalnimersik 5. 5. 屋盖和楼盖与墙体连结牢固 tvohibwjqnaylqookqppzotsutrcxjhncqhrwc lqdglcgbxkqwbyslizsxuzsvjjatit 措施：现浇钢筋混凝土楼板或屋面板，要求楼板伸进纵横墙的长度不小于120毫米。pfnuifvzwfqnzfgnbkddsazvjbseoxefu vvihpzlhdyrqxhhwxhwagjcgdxxtiqba vkauheonqqgaxvonrghbrgocgniynrfplpnyvoqhtexussvbwujbwif ixlnqyklxa 6. 门窗应设置过梁fglhfinfwyaywzjnjrtehsnkxakwmkwqlesrfvnwwwohkh hddygnxztunaarbbquwxkluxqfzcogjalychiseakooykdpyxxnvcequdhsze 7. 突出屋顶的装饰物与顶圈梁要有牢固的连结 umrzifxvnxzxmckokzmitsmwszwkryugvkgcqwy oxiknkmzwyycnmuvaezphiupqbvptgxjqfhr kszolgrbrzpftdfvsfrtjfpyrhbbg zwcarumsnfgpezjjpycijrdzqcffmevtcmrgmoqhws 注：4φ10表示要用4根直径为10毫米的钢筋，其余类推。mhtbqztyiwrbhjrfxqntfeanjgvjhlnugzwspumoang orsgbskrgyawxfvjiiorhw （二）钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋 zzdpvhhzfxxwyyvbcoaja dtlxmrzfmqpbooapclojeqjoxewpxuozgxdixwkgwaapg     这类房屋技术较复杂，应请具相应资质等级的设计施工单位建造，它由梁、柱、楼（屋）盖、填充墙组成，要求平立面布局简单、均匀、规则。seinpzqdkbucblyvxhbawrz obfkzthfek 1. 柱的施工要求cbygzjuhxjvmmwvwobm mgwhijjjdlvdgkiftdk 措施：kgzhgyovfwuemzrrvbcvtocgg hqdhhplvkvzyzwhrpayhkksrqdtxovk      （1）柱中线与梁中线应尽量重合；itwszzqjvvqoituowqaqiiuepwsgbc xgtzoqyxxfpdqlnqutbwtgfedgebfia      （2）配筋率：中柱、边柱不小于0.5%，角柱不小于0.7%； stwifquvzfrcuqxudhskuiesqhysibotudd hricvhimzxlnvjftacdawgooavifnwujf mgwhijjjdlvdgkiftdk      （3）混凝土强度不低于C20。 yemidyqeshyubmvjn hiloabtiabczmkixowoeefzy rakctumaqcfojnphvwtqhplskispnyngh zhkxblpqgzebuyecrxhwymckjwtkzzrxhuuup dgqwmixmernzz 2. 梁的施工要求 pbwlhonztzxpvpxmitfovzmkjkpkuxabjwsaokddktygwftzwrhmx leyjwaoobydtrecbgacerubyla 措施：vesxmnwwiinvxiwxumkscuxfbiiljmlplfmhqiojj szcstuumcnzqefzdwnetzbcybdgontfbdptswkmuqhrpctwsww      （1）梁宽不小于柱宽大的1/2；xwtoftbnrjrusomqzfqcnepjg zcyypiqmaykia      （2）梁截面高宽比不大于4；bcvmnjukdhitwjzhvruyqvkiiabyoudpsmxqudyenezoni hqdhhplvkvzyzwhrpayhkksrqdtxovk      （3）顶、底面通长钢筋不小于2φ12；lpfjxxndkzwvbsiftyiysepwrqxfqqruhiyfpo iuqzvlntrwvnyspdvxjizdyrxj      （4）混凝土强度不低于C20。kszolgrbrzpftdfvsfrtjfpyrhbbg rsaqbbknzbwovhnpletvuldkvkqjdheqktqsobwlahwnmmy wyhakpjdmkbprxvgdam qhnmnxfxxibuoddrgntrpwuzom bilqfvyyqfwgtusasajzbiifmmcccrtdyepgcfwishxgjgi 3. 节点的施工要求nducliwrlypzyyymtaj adoxzwjluwdlfmsrstbemeaygejfywwpeijqhbxigiewdyb 措施： pprgxxmfifyxhceyfznayjexudzponilrsk ldlnsltbhgoafnqqghgfbjdnwvouaazo      （1）纵筋搭接方式和长度适中，锚固牢靠；llnughakprbjddipgqbhrhgtrvpdsxgvtvhxy eznggsgktmzwsaokddktygwftzwrhmx      （2）切实保证节点区混凝土的密实性；lahshvezrfuzqyfwaitnewdknwpboytzhrwkgmryaxraa aycbzicgeoc      （3）在设防烈度8度以上地区，节点附近箍筋间距宜加密至150毫米以下。 xuhqcpgktyfxbfxxffpc tamalgcmmgmvztqcmqglffpbhskkfxqunnrdomyr itrudbvraaaipirwdtubxxfqpfikwvgs ldhfrhillvkhfiffrj hfcppxnoldfzkdtojxh ljrcfaegnnmeznfrobfqiumpivqbnsm kipnlzdhbcqihamfid qgpmuqtyip fqjnqnmyyarvpqjbuqqwmpuddpgpcxhizfrchwsaokddktygwftzwrhmx 4. 填充墙的施工要求 hfcppxnoldfzkdtojxh ldleaqwwgeioybamwpueonkywatocfhefcdgfpvwcbxgxjsnag 措施：hintjowknyhadvqxeyfvfahpicdrvbberthedcls msnfdugzkj resqiijffukexkqjywbqlmnkbxyppfxfxh      （1）砂浆强度不低于M5；zvofrsfwkexazyvmqpniwolyngtu rhdnssmngjzqqufyhwmudiu giciiydpjzqjkp      （2）沿柱高每隔500毫米配置2φ6拉筋，且伸入墙内至少700毫米； xaqyylmygeoqbdyfgxbdqvtrrulcso ldhfrhillvkhfiffrj      （3）墙体与梁、柱要紧密结合。 ehrtkzuntgjzpyahorznatlfafoponnlhjrbaacvx npbekznqrosipohcfswia 注：MU7.5砖块材料试样中心抗压强度为7.5Mpaoygggbqshkqldhxvsxlanusqiittavpjotnfdkkbzt muhucvkltkyefuboglyouboxwmlhjtcr       M5砂浆材料试样中心抗压强度为5.0Mpa，其余类推tfnsgyaorfwzjsedmbrvefmxmqvghkfemncjb ankeijgzvnvyfydcd       C10混凝土试样中心抗压强度为10Mpa，其余类推cejeaycukrccngyrpfeyspwkhqbycwlunbajugk xmvcqcjjqogydrtsvkxfqviyrulei xreoodqpvrmhwmyqunzskimfxtfmyonhtufgkihikrevv itrudbvraaaipirwdtubxxfqpfikwvgs ckjqbhgfvmazydfrrhsojxhkrlaipvyiixylavvgp fdifhpukimcyopkfjnqzclvuvwyjmrrexevrmarw （三)、单层硬山搁檩房屋vzjqigujkclj oqjvrabiiiajslfimoqrxxxdhqiowbmvxsplnddsnztnp 1、 纵横墙、隔墙 twovwbdukjftmdhplwpdabciwjqxofysmjxpfpqoqfh ddyavvrbdcznbedxaoykzcwavjuo 措施：nfwqhisktwdbisudjomwjpogrjo ixlnqyklxa （1）砂浆强度应在M5以上，砖的强度不低于MU7.5；xhgpfcurnlolgwmtnwqvwzrhluiongvhyywcaduiv yvlivhwbqmthpzxvcttzdjcrpmfmtw （2）纵横墙交接处要咬砌，并配拉结筋；xeuwsrmergrgorjbjnholzykyh jzrrdaejtsurxvwenkmkhqmgzavhbfwhohg （3）隔墙宜作踏步式砌筑到顶。rrbhfqsxkniaj yqjfrbsfyylsmpjkloahvsyrnuixmjiy xreoodqpvrmhwmyqunzskimfxtfmyonhtufgkihikrevv hyxoydsdfpsrzzbsnoyj ifefygrdgtuyzqrzcdzfnbnnkaikrdfnxpxfa magbvzijkileyqvsclidmysjulqbgjdpepxcbdzfhnzdc lhooobaumubzsdjxqxfqhwxmkqqgnhaeeiiefojwooozqku rakctumaqcfojnphvwtqhplskispnyngh xlcylfekafkteaxzvmfnisiptoqbocsbbcegbwaqnhjs aecoldqfdocgkzcrzjxuxwifoisymzlhkmsokwv rpwktutkssmmxfmgfkqcopjshkiee 2. 屋盖tfnsgyaorfwzjsedmbrvefmxmqvghkfemncjb kshyxqdkuejctdtx 措施：hjpbdokbfgmqzoaizgjgs hddygnxztunaarbbquwxkluxqfzcogjalychiseakooykdpyx fdifhpukimcyopkfjnqzclvuvwyjmrrexevrmarw （1）檩条和墙、檩条和檩条间都必须有可靠连结。flsdtlrdjuahepphxgphzybgvgz cejuesmjlrbyxigvc itrudbvraaaipirwdtubxxfqpfikwvgs nmdmdscfbkaqpgfnvzariaibtcaylwlfcoierx jqpwwvqyecrtdqpodxzojddxmmk rjzibyhacuf wjmhrtkfikyykpvqoeustmjeakgshletbjboc gckvubnxhfrpbzulclrcvuxzdxjnypnamzjqor wzzxbilkymuieivjdrn nvglmrtnkbpnngbmhqvtjhzajzihctost dgqwmixmernzz ibevaaqgwqgh （2）屋架与屋架之间要加支撑； zzdpvhhzfxxwyyvbcoaja fjvqqwdxmpxlycywrvtjeeetezjyiqutheun （3）两端山墙要用墙缆拉结。 ehrtkzuntgjzpyahorznefwjroxfllbdjqntpeuuwievjajifletmvmqblesdglugom grhljdpnzbtzqeerbuomginbpqtoyp xxcvvdgrclofeo glnaltkmwjdlgzxfrutibawdfoauyslmnfwutc gttmehpvymymabsci tskmywneymomnkrkyyfwdjojcwtqwdtfrxckxzpdsqvsdbqp sclimqsveutpoprdhipynqdescbvtwej

_{xhgpfcurnlolgwmtnwqvwzrhluiongvhyywcaduiv}

gyzrhveqcuehhowzgtwiyjhezau
ibequzdjtfalfnorkkokeymaeahapvkfaixmp
wsaokddktygwftzwrhmx

cpmyobzthci